Match 44 DB Rec# - 7,496 Dataset-WOFACT
Title :Cambodia
Text :
Cambodia
Geography
Location:
Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand and
Vietnam
Map references:
Southeast Asia
Area:
total area:
181,040 sq km
land area:
176,520 sq km
comparative area:
slightly smaller than Oklahoma
Land boundaries:
total 2,572 km, Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km
Coastline:
443 km
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone:
24 nm
continental shelf:
200 nm
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
territorial sea:
12 nm
International disputes:
offshore islands and sections of the boundary with Vietnam are in dispute;
maritime boundary with Vietnam not defined; parts of border with Thailand in
dispute; maritime boundary with Thailand not clearly defined
Climate:
tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to
April); little seasonal temperature variation
Terrain:
mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
Natural resources:
timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower
potential
Land use:
arable land:
16%
permanent crops:
1%
meadows and pastures:
3%
forest and woodland:
76%
other:
4%
Irrigated land:
920 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues:
logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the
western region along the border with Thailand are resulting in habitat loss
and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps
threatens natural fisheries); deforestation; soil erosion; in rural areas, a
majority of the population does not have access to potable water
natural hazards:
monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts
Geography
international agreements:
party to - Marine Life Conservation, Ship Pollution; signed, but not
ratified - Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping
Note:
a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap
People
Population:
10,561,373 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:
46% (female 2,367,414; male 2,438,104)
15-64 years:
51% (female 2,932,788; male 2,494,203)
65 years and over:
3% (female 185,337; male 143,527) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate:
2.83% (1995 est.)
Birth rate:
44.42 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate:
16.16 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
109.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
49.46 years
male:
48 years
female:
51 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate:
5.81 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Cambodian(s)
adjective:
Cambodian
Ethnic divisions:
Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4%
Religions:
Theravada Buddhism 95%, other 5%
Languages:
Khmer (official), French
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
total population:
35%
male:
48%
female:
22%
Labor force:
2.5 million to 3 million
by occupation:
agriculture 80% (1988 est.)
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Kingdom of Cambodia
conventional short form:
Cambodia
local long form:
Reacheanachak Kampuchea
local short form:
Kampuchea
Digraph:
CB
Type:
multiparty liberal democracy under a constitutional monarchy established in
September 1993
Capital:
Phnom Penh
Administrative divisions:
21 provinces (khet, singular and plural); Banteay Meanchey, Batdambang,
Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal,
Kaoh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Phnum Penh, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey
Veng, Rotanokiri, Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey, Sihanoukville, Stoeng Treng, Svay
Rieng, Takev
note:
Siemreab-Otdar Meanchey may have been divided into two provinces named
Siemreab and Otdar Meanchey
Independence:
9 November 1949 (from France)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 9 November 1949
Constitution:
promulgated September 1993
Legal system:
currently being defined
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state:
King Norodom SIHANOUK (reinstated 24 September 1993)
head of government:
power shared between First Prime Minister Prince Norodom RANARIDDH and
Second Prime Minister HUN SEN
cabinet:
Council of Ministers; elected by the National Assembly
Legislative branch:
unicameral; a 120-member constituent assembly based on proportional
representation within each province was established following the
UN-supervised election in May 1993; the constituent assembly was transformed
into a legislature in September 1993 after delegates promulgated the
constitution
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court provided for by the constitution has not yet been established
and the future judicial system is yet to be defined by law
Political parties and leaders:
National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative
Cambodia (FUNCINPEC), Prince NORODOM RANARIDDH; Cambodian Pracheachon Party
or Cambodian People's Party (CPP), CHEA SIM; Buddhist Liberal Democratic
Party, SON SANN; Democratic Kampuchea (DK, also known as the Khmer Rouge),
KHIEU SAMPHAN; Molinaka, PROM NEAKAREACH
Government
Member of:
ACCT, AsDB, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS,
ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL, ITU, NAM, PCA, UN,
UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
Ambassador SISOWATH SIRIRATH represents Cambodia at the United Nations
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Charles H. TWINING
embassy:
27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh
mailing address:
Box P, APO AP 96546
telephone:
[855] (23) 26436, 26438
FAX:
[855] (23) 26437
Flag:
horizontal band of red separates two equal horizontal bands of blue with a
white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat in the center
Economy
Overview:
The Cambodian economy - virtually destroyed by decades of war - is slowly
recovering. Government leaders are moving toward restoring fiscal and
monetary discipline and have established good working relations with
international financial institutions. Growth, starting from a low base, has
been strong in 1991-94. Despite such positive developments, the
reconstruction effort faces many tough challenges because of the persistence
of internal political divisions and the related lack of confidence of
foreign investors. Rural Cambodia, where 90% of about 9.5 million Khmer
live, remains mired in poverty. The almost total lack of basic
infrastructure in the countryside will hinder development and will
contribute to a growing imbalance in growth between urban and rural areas
over the near term. Moreover, the government's lack of experience in
administering economic and technical assistance programs and rampant
corruption among officials will slow the growth of critical public sector
investment. Inflation for 1994 as a whole was less than a quarter of the
1992 rate and was declining during the year.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power parity - $6.4 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate:
5% (1994 est.)
National product per capita:
$630 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
26%-30% (1994 est.)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
revenues:
$190 million
expenditures:
$365 million, including capital expenditures of $120 million (1994 est.)
Exports:
$283.6 million (f.o.b., 1993)
commodities:
timber, rubber, soybeans, sesame
partners:
Singapore, Japan, Thailand, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia
Imports:
$479.3 million (c.i.f., 1993)
commodities:
cigarettes, construction materials, petroleum products, machinery
partners:
Singapore, Vietnam, Japan, Australia, Hong Kong, Indonesia
External debt:
$383 million to OECD members (1993)
Industrial production:
growth rate 7.9% (1993 est.); accounts for 8% of GDP
Electricity:
capacity:
40,000 kW
production:
160 million kWh
consumption per capita:
14 kWh (1993)
Industries:
rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining
Economy
Agriculture:
mainly subsistence farming except for rubber plantations; main crops - rice,
rubber, corn; food shortages - rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products,
sugar, flour
Illicit drugs:
increasingly used as a transshipment country for heroin produced in the
Golden Triangle; growing money-laundering center; high-level
narcotics-related corruption in government; possible small-scale heroin
production; large producer of cannibis
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $725 million; Western (non-US
countries) (1970-89), $300 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $1.8
billion; donor countries and multilateral institutions pledged $880 million
in assistance in 1992; IMF pledged $120 million in aid for 1995-98
Currency:
1 new riel (CR) = 100 sen
Exchange rates:
riels (CR) per US$1 - 2,470 (December 1993), 2,800 (September 1992), 500
(December 1991), 560 (1990), 159.00 (1988), 100.00 (1987)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Transportation
Railroads:
total:
655 km
narrow gauge:
655 km 1.000-m gauge
Highways:
total:
34,100 km (some roads in serious disrepair)
paved:
bituminous 3,000 km
unpaved:
crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth 3,100 km; unimproved earth 28,000
km
Inland waterways:
3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to
craft drawing 1.8 meters
Ports:
Kampong Saom (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh
Merchant marine:
none
Airports:
total:
22
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
2
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:
2
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
3
with paved runways under 914 m:
2
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m:
3
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
10
Communications
Telephone system:
NA telephones; service barely adequate for government requirements and
virtually nonexistent for general public
local:
NA
intercity:
NA
international:
international service limited to Vietnam and other adjacent countries
Radio:
broadcast stations:
AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0
radios:
NA
Television:
broadcast stations:
1
televisions:
NA
Defense Forces
Branches:
Khmer Royal Armed Forces (KRAF):
created in 1993 by the merger of the Cambodian People's Armed Forces and the
two non-Communist resistance armies; note - the KRAF is also known as the
Royal Cambodian Armed Forces (RCAF)
Resistance forces:
National Army of Democratic Kampuchea (Khmer Rouge)
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 2,255,050; males fit for military service 1,256,632; males
reach military age (18) annually 70,707 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $85 million, 1.4% of GDP (1995 est.)
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The printed version of this item can be found under the title:
The World Factbook 1995,
SuDoc No: PREX 3.15:995
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