Match 168 DB Rec# - 7,620 Dataset-WOFACT
Title :Mozambique
Text :
Mozambique
Geography
Location:
Southern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and
Tanzania
Map references:
Africa
Area:
total area:
801,590 sq km
land area:
784,090 sq km
comparative area:
slightly less than twice the size of California
Land boundaries:
total 4,571 km, Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km, Swaziland 105 km,
Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km
Coastline:
2,470 km
Maritime claims:
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
territorial sea:
12 nm
International disputes:
none
Climate:
tropical to subtropical
Terrain:
mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest,
mountains in west
Natural resources:
coal, titanium
Land use:
arable land:
4%
permanent crops:
0%
meadows and pastures:
56%
forest and woodland:
20%
other:
20%
Irrigated land:
1,150 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues:
civil strife and recurrent drought in the hinterlands have resulted in
increased migration to urban and coastal areas with adverse environmental
consequences; desertification; pollution of surface and coastal waters
natural hazards:
severe droughts and floods occur in central and southern provinces;
devastating cyclones
international agreements:
party to - Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection; signed, but not
ratified - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea
People
Population:
18,115,250 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:
45% (female 4,069,117; male 4,078,429)
15-64 years:
53% (female 4,882,292; male 4,630,193)
65 years and over:
2% (female 260,057; male 195,162) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate:
2.87% (1995 est.)
Birth rate:
44.6 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate:
15.94 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate:
NA migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
note:
by the end of 1994, an estimated 1.6 million Mozambican refugees, who fled
to Malawi, Zimbabwa, and South Africa in earlier years from the civil war,
had returned; an estimated 100,000 refugees remain to be repatriated from
those countries
Infant mortality rate:
126 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
48.95 years
male:
47.04 years
female:
50.92 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate:
6.19 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Mozambican(s)
adjective:
Mozambican
Ethnic divisions:
indigenous tribal groups, Europeans about 10,000, Euro-Africans 35,000,
Indians 15,000
Religions:
indigenous beliefs 60%, Christian 30%, Muslim 10%
Languages:
Portuguese (official), indigenous dialects
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1990)
total population:
33%
male:
45%
female:
21%
Labor force:
NA
by occupation:
90% engaged in agriculture
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Republic of Mozambique
conventional short form:
Mozambique
local long form:
Republica Popular de Mocambique
local short form:
Mocambique
Digraph:
MZ
Type:
republic
Capital:
Maputo
Administrative divisions:
10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Cabo Delgado, Gaza,
Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia
Independence:
25 June 1975 (from Portugal)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 25 June (1975)
Constitution:
30 November 1990
Legal system:
based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO (since 6 November 1986)
head of government:
Prime Minister Pascoal MOCUMBI (since December 1994)
cabinet:
Cabinet
Legislative branch:
unicameral
Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da Republica):
draft electoral law provides for periodic, direct presidential and Assembly
elections
note:
as called for in the 1992 peace accords, presidential and legislative
elections took place during 27-29 October 1994; fourteen parties, including
the Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO) participated; Joaquim Alberto
CHISSANO was elected president and his FRELIMO party gathered a slim
majority in the 250 seat legislature
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders:
Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO), Joaquim Alberto CHISSANO,
chairman; the ruling party since independence, FRELIMO was the only legal
party before 30 November 1990 when the new Constitution went into effect
establishing a multiparty system
Member of:
ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, FLS, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC,
IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer),
ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO
Government
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Hipolito Pereira Zozimo PATRICIO
chancery:
Suite 570, 1990 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone:
[1] (202) 293-7146
FAX:
[1] (202) 835-0245
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Dennis Coleman JETT
embassy:
Avenida Kenneth Kuanda, 193 Maputo
mailing address:
P. O. Box 783, Maputo
telephone:
[258] (1) 492797
FAX:
[258] (1) 490114
Flag:
three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red
isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in
white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a
crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book
Economy
Overview:
One of Africa's poorest countries, Mozambique has failed to exploit the
economic potential of its sizable agricultural, hydropower, and
transportation resources. Indeed, national output, consumption, and
investment declined throughout the first half of the 1980s because of
internal disorders, lack of government administrative control, and a growing
foreign debt. A sharp increase in foreign aid, attracted by an economic
reform policy, resulted in successive years of economic growth in the late
1980s, but aid has declined steadily since 1989. Agricultural output is at
only 75% of its 1981 level, and grain has to be imported. Industry operates
at only 20%-40% of capacity. The economy depends heavily on foreign
assistance to keep afloat. Peace accords signed in October 1992 improved
chances of foreign investment, aided IMF-supported economic reforms, and
supported continued economic recovery. Elections held in 1994 diverted
government attention from the economy, resulting in slippage and delays in
the economic reform program. Nonetheless, growth in 1994 was solid and can
continue into the late 1990s given continued foreign help in meeting debt
obligations.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power parity - $10.6 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate:
5.8% (1994 est.)
National product per capita:
$610 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
50% (1994 est.)
Unemployment rate:
50% (1989 est.)
Budget:
revenues:
$252 million
expenditures:
$607 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1992 est.)
Exports:
$150 million (f.o.b., 1994 est.)
commodities:
shrimp 40%, cashews, cotton, sugar, copra, citrus
partners:
Spain, South Africa, US, Portugal, Japan
Imports:
$1.14 billion (c.i.f., 1994 est.)
commodities:
food, clothing, farm equipment, petroleum
partners:
South Africa, UK, France, Japan, Portugal
External debt:
$5 billion (1992 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 5% (1989 est.)
Electricity:
capacity:
2,360,000 kW
production:
1.7 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
58 kWh (1993)
Industries:
food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), petroleum products,
textiles, nonmetallic mineral products (cement, glass, asbestos), tobacco
Economy
Agriculture:
accounts for 50% of GDP and about 90% of exports; cash crops - cotton,
cashew nuts, sugarcane, tea, shrimp; other crops - cassava, corn, rice,
tropical fruits; not self-sufficient in food
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $350 million; Western (non-US)
countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $4.4 billion; OPEC
bilateral aid (1979-89), $37 million; Communist countries (1970-89), $890
million
Currency:
1 metical (Mt) = 100 centavos
Exchange rates:
meticais (Mt) per US$1 - 5,220.63 (1st quarter 1994), 3,874.24 (1993),
2,550.40 (1992), 1,763.99 (1991), 1,053.09 (1990)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Transportation
Railroads:
total:
3,288 km
narrow gauge:
3,140 km 1.067-m gauge; 148 km 0.762-m gauge
Highways:
total:
26,498 km
paved:
4,593 km
unpaved:
gravel, crushed stone, stabilized earth 829 km; unimproved earth 21,076 km
Inland waterways:
about 3,750 km of navigable routes
Pipelines:
crude oil (not operating) 306 km; petroleum products 289 km
Ports:
Beira, Inhambane, Maputo, Nacala, Pemba
Merchant marine:
total:
3 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,533 GRT/8,024 DWT
Airports:
192
with paved runways over 3,047 m:
1
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
4
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:
11
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
5
with paved runways under 914 m:
112
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m:
15
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
44
Note:
note:
highway traffic impeded by land mines not removed at end of civil war
Communications
Telephone system:
NA telephone density; fair system of troposcatter, open-wire lines, and
radio relay
local:
NA
intercity:
microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter
international:
5 INTELSAT (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean) earth stations
Radio:
broadcast stations:
AM 29, FM 4, shortwave 0
radios:
NA
Television:
broadcast stations:
1
televisions:
NA
Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Naval Command, Air and Air Defense Forces, Militia; note - by late
1994, the army and former RENAMO rebels had demobilized; under UN
supervision and training, recruits from both the army and rebel forces
joined an integrated force that is still forming
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 4,061,109; males fit for military service 2,331,793 (1995
est.)
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $110 million, 7.3% of GDP (1993)
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The World Factbook 1995,
SuDoc No: PREX 3.15:995
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