Match 186 DB Rec# - 7,638 Dataset-WOFACT
Title :Pakistan
Text :
Pakistan
Geography
Location:
Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India and Iran
Map references:
Asia
Area:
total area:
803,940 sq km
land area:
778,720 sq km
comparative area:
slightly less than twice the size of California
Land boundaries:
total 6,774 km, Afghanistan 2,430 km, China 523 km, India 2,912 km, Iran 909
km
Coastline:
1,046 km
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone:
24 nm
continental shelf:
200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone:
200 nm
territorial sea:
12 nm
International disputes:
status of Kashmir with India; border question with Afghanistan (Durand
Line); water-sharing problems (Wular Barrage) over the Indus with upstream
riparian India
Climate:
mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north
Terrain:
flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan
plateau in west
Natural resources:
land, extensive natural gas reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal,
iron ore, copper, salt, limestone
Land use:
arable land:
23%
permanent crops:
0%
meadows and pastures:
6%
forest and woodland:
4%
other:
67% (1993)
Irrigated land:
170,000 sq km (1992)
Environment:
current issues:
water pollution from raw sewage, industrial wastes, and agricultural runoff;
limited natural fresh water resources; a majority of the population does not
have access to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification
natural hazards:
frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe especially in north and west;
flooding along the Indus after heavy rains (July and August)
Geography
international agreements:
party to - Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental
Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection,
Ship Pollution, Wetlands; signed, but not ratified - Desertification, Law of
the Sea, Marine Life Conservation
Note:
controls Khyber Pass and Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes between
Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent
People
Population:
131,541,920 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:
44% (female 28,033,354; male 29,777,818)
15-64 years:
52% (female 33,456,410; male 35,109,482)
65 years and over:
4% (female 2,556,846; male 2,608,010) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.28% (1995 est.)
Birth rate:
41.8 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate:
12.07 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate:
-16.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
99.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
57.86 years
male:
57.18 years
female:
58.56 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate:
6.35 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Pakistani(s)
adjective:
Pakistani
Ethnic divisions:
Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtun (Pathan), Baloch, Muhajir (immigrants from India
and their descendents)
Religions:
Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3%
Languages:
Urdu (official), English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani elite and
most government ministries), Punjabi 64%, Sindhi 12%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu 7%,
Balochi and other 9%
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
total population:
35%
male:
47%
female:
21%
Labor force:
36 million
by occupation:
agriculture 46%, mining and manufacturing 18%, services 17%, other 19%
note:
extensive export of labor
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
conventional short form:
Pakistan
former:
West Pakistan
Digraph:
PK
Type:
republic
Capital:
Islamabad
Administrative divisions:
4 provinces, 1 territory*, and 1 capital territory**; Balochistan, Federally
Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, North-West
Frontier, Punjab, Sindh
note:
the Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region
includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas
Independence:
14 August 1947 (from UK)
National holiday:
Pakistan Day, 23 March (1956) (proclamation of the republic)
Constitution:
10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December
1985
Legal system:
based on English common law with provisions to accommodate Pakistan's
stature as an Islamic state; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with
reservations
Suffrage:
21 years of age; universal; separate electorates and reserved parliamentary
seats for non-Muslims
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President Sardar Farooq LEGHARI; election last held 13 November 1993 (next
to be held no later than 14 October 1998); results - LEGHARI was elected by
Parliament and the four provincial assemblies
head of government:
Prime Minister Benazir BHUTTO
cabinet:
Cabinet
Legislative branch:
bicameral Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora)
Senate:
elections last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA March 1997); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (87 total) PPP 22, PML/N 17; Tribal
Area Representatives (nonparty) 8, ANP 6, PML/J 5, JWP 5, MQM/A 5, JUI/F 2,
PKMAP 2, JI 2, NPP 2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1, JUP/NI 1, JUP/NO 1, JAH 1, JUI/S 1,
PML/F 1, PNP 1, independents 2, vacant 1
National Assembly:
elections last held 6 October 1993 (next to be held by October 1998);
results - percent of vote by party NA; seats - (217 total) PPP 92, PML/N 75,
PML/J 6, IJM-Islamic Democratic Front 4, ANP 3, PKMAP 4, PIF 3, JWP 2, MDM
2, BNM/H 1, BNM/M 1, NDA 1, NPP 1, PKQP 1, Religious minorities 10 reserved
seats, independents 9, results pending 2
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court, Federal Islamic (Shari'at) Court
Government
Political parties and leaders:
government:
Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Benazir BHUTTO; Pakistan Muslim League,
Junejo faction (PML/J), Hamid Nasir CHATTHA; National People's Party (NPP),
Ghulam Mustapha JATOI; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP), Mahmood Khan
ACHAKZAI; Balochistan National Movement, Hayee Group (BNM/H), Dr. HAYEE
Baluch; National Democratic Alliance (NDA), Maulana Kausar NIAZI; Pakhtun
Quami Party (PKQP), Mohammed AFZAL Khan; Jamhoori Watan Party (JWP), Akbar
Khan BUGTI
opposition:
Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction (PML/N), Nawaz SHARIF; Awami
National Party (ANP), Khan Abdul WALI KHAN; Pakistan Islamic Front (PIF),
Qazi Hussain AHMED; Balochistan National Movement, Mengal Group (BNM/M),
Sardar Akhtar MENGAL; Mohajir Quami Movement, Altaf faction (MQM/A), Altaf
HUSSAIN; Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), Qazi Hussain AHMED; Jamiat-al-Hadith (JAH)
frequently shifting:
Mutaheda Deeni Mahaz (MDM), Maulana Sami-ul-HAQ, the MDM includes Jamiat
Ulema-i-Pakistan, Niazi faction (JUP/NI) and Anjuman Sepah-i-Sahaba Pakistan
(ASSP); Islami-Jamhoori-Mahaz (IJM-Islamic Democratic Party), the IJM
includes Jamiat Ulema-i-Islami, Fazlur Rehman group (JUI/F); Jamiat
Ulema-i-Pakistan, Noorani faction (JUP/NO); Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam,
Sami-ul-Haq faction (JUI/S); Pakistan Muslim League, Functional Group
(PML/F); Pakistan National Party (PNP)
note:
political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently
Other political or pressure groups:
military remains important political force; ulema (clergy), landowners,
industrialists, and small merchants also influential
Member of:
AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, G-19, G-24, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,
ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT,
INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC,
PCA, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNOMIL,
UNOSOM, UNPROFOR, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Maleeha LODHI
chancery:
2315 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone:
[1] (202) 939-6200
FAX:
[1] (202) 387-0484
consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles and New York
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador John C. MONJO
embassy:
Diplomatic Enclave, Ramna 5, Islamabad
mailing address:
P. O. Box 1048, PSC 1212, Box 2000, Unit 6220, Islamabad; APO AE 09812-2000
telephone:
[92] (51) 826161 through 826179
FAX:
[92] (51) 214222
consulate(s) general:
Karachi, Lahore
consulate(s):
Peshawar
Government
Flag:
green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious
minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered
in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional
symbols of Islam
Economy
Overview:
The Pakistani economy has made progress in several key areas since Benazir
BHUTTO became Prime Minister in October 1993. She has been under pressure
from international donors and the IMF - which gave Pakistan a $1.3 billion
structural adjustment credit in February 1994 - to continue the economic
reforms and austerity measures begun by her predecessor, caretaker Prime
Minister Moeen QURESHI (July-October 1993). Foreign exchange reserves
climbed to more than $3 billion in 1994, and the budget deficit was
substantially reduced. Real GDP growth was 4% in FY93/94, up from 2.3% in
FY92/93. Foreign direct and portfolio investment also have increased.
Privatization of large public sector utilities began in 1994 with the sale
of 12% of the Pakistan Telecommunications Corporation (PTC) and the Water
and Power Development Authority (WAPDA); the sale of state-owned banks and
other large units are planned for 1995. Still, the government must cope with
long-standing economic vulnerabilities - high levels of debt service and
defense spending, a small tax base, a huge population, and dependence on
cotton-based exports - which hamper its ability to create a stable economic
environment. In addition, Pakistan's infrastructure is inadequate and
deteriorating, low levels of literacy constrain industrial growth, and
increasing sectarian, ethnic, and tribal violence disrupt production.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power parity - $248.5 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate:
4% (1994 est.)
National product per capita:
$1,930 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
12% (FY93/94)
Unemployment rate:
10% (FY90/91 est.)
Budget:
revenues:
$10.5 billion
expenditures:
$11.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $3.1 billion (FY93/94)
Exports:
$6.7 billion (1993)
commodities:
cotton, textiles, clothing, rice, leather, carpets
partners:
US, Japan, Hong Kong, Germany, UK, UAE, France
Imports:
$9.5 billion (1993)
commodities:
petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, transportation equipment,
vegetable oils, animal fats, chemicals
partners:
Japan, US, Germany, UK, Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, South Korea
External debt:
$24 billion (1993 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 5.6% (FY93/94); accounts for 18% of GDP
Electricity:
capacity:
10,800,000 kW (1994)
production:
52.4 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
389 kWh (1993)
Economy
Industries:
textiles, food processing, beverages, construction materials, clothing,
paper products, shrimp
Agriculture:
24% of GDP; world's largest contiguous irrigation system; major crops -
cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; livestock products -
milk, beef, mutton, eggs
Illicit drugs:
major illicit producer of opium and hashish for the international drug
trade; remains world's third largest opium producer (160 metric tons in
1994); major center for processing Afghan heroin and key transit area for
Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western market
Economic aid:
recipient:
$2.5 billion (FY91/92); $2.5 billion (FY92/93); $2.5 billion (FY93/94); no
US commitments, includes bi- and multilateral aid
Currency:
1 Pakistani rupee (PRe) = 100 paisa
Exchange rates:
Pakistani rupees (PRs) per US$1 - 30.860 (January 1995), 30.570 (1994),
28.107 (1993), 25.083 (1992), 23.801 (1991), 21.707 (1990)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June
Transportation
Railroads:
total:
8,773 km
broad gauge:
7,718 km 1.676-m gauge (286 km electrified; 1,037 double track)
narrow gauge:
445 km 1.000-m gauge; 610 km less than 1.000-m gauge (1985)
Highways:
total:
177,410 km
paved:
94,027 km
unpaved:
83,383 km (1991 est.)
Pipelines:
crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 885 km; natural gas 4,044 km (1987)
Ports:
Gwadar, Karachi, Ormaro (under construction), Port Muhammad bin Qasim
Merchant marine:
total:
30 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 352,189 GRT/532,782 DWT
ships by type:
bulk 1, cargo 25, oil tanker 1, passenger-cargo 3
Airports:
total:
119
with paved runways over 3,047 m:
12
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
21
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:
33
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
14
with paved runways under 914 m:
24
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m:
7
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
8
Communications
Telephone system:
NA telephones; about 7 telephones/1,000 persons; the domestic telephone
system is poor, adequate only for government and business use; the system
for international traffic is better
local:
NA
intercity:
microwave radio relay
international:
3 INTELSAT (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) earth stations; microwave
radio relay
Radio:
broadcast stations:
AM 19, FM 8, shortwave 0
radios:
NA
Television:
broadcast stations:
29
televisions:
NA
Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air Force, Civil Armed Forces, National Guard,
paramilitary/security forces
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 30,219,551; males fit for military service 18,544,008; males
reach military age (17) annually 1,429,719 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures:
exchange rate conversion - $3.2 billion, 5.6% of GDP (FY94/95)
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The World Factbook 1995,
SuDoc No: PREX 3.15:995
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