Match 213 DB Rec# - 7,665 Dataset-WOFACT
Title :Serbia and Montenegro
Text :
Serbia and Montenegro
Header
Note:
Serbia and Montenegro have asserted the formation of a joint independent
state, but this entity has not been formally recognized as a state by the
US; the US view is that the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)
has dissolved and that none of the successor republics represents its
continuation
Geography
Location:
Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Albania and Bosnia
and Herzegovina
Map references:
Ethnic Groups in Eastern Europe, Europe
Area:
total area:
102,350 sq km
land area:
102,136 sq km
comparative area:
slightly larger than Kentucky
note:
Serbia has a total area and a land area of 88,412 sq km making it slightly
larger than Maine; Montenegro has a total area of 13,938 sq km and a land
area of 13,724 sq km making it slightly larger than Connecticut
Land boundaries:
total 2,246 km, Albania 287 km (114 km with Serbia; 173 km with Montenegro),
Bosnia and Herzegovina 527 km (312 km with Serbia; 215 km with Montenegro),
Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia (north) 241 km, Croatia (south) 25 km, Hungary 151
km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 221 km, Romania 476 km
note:
the internal boundary between Montenegro and Serbia is 211 km
Coastline:
199 km (Montenegro 199 km, Serbia 0 km)
Maritime claims:
NA
International disputes:
Sandzak region bordering northern Montenegro and southeastern Serbia -
Muslims seeking autonomy; disputes with Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia
over Serbian populated areas; Albanian majority in Kosovo seeks independence
from Serbian Republic
Climate:
in the north, continental climate (cold winter and hot, humid summers with
well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean
climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers
and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
Terrain:
extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone
ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountain and hills; to the
southwest, extremely high shoreline with no islands off the coast
Natural resources:
oil, gas, coal, antimony, copper, lead, zinc, nickel, gold, pyrite, chrome
Land use:
arable land:
30%
permanent crops:
5%
meadows and pastures:
20%
forest and woodland:
25%
other:
20%
Irrigated land:
NA sq km
Geography
Environment:
current issues:
pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in
tourist-related areas such as Kotor; air pollution around Belgrade and other
industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the
Sava which flows into the Danube
natural hazards:
destructive earthquakes
international agreements:
NA
Note:
controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the
Near East; strategic location along the Adriatic coast
People
Population:
total population:
11,101,833 (July 1995 est.)
Montenegro:
708,248 (July 1995 est.)
Serbia:
10,393,585 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:
Montenegro:
*** No data for this item ***
0-14 years:
22% (female 77,498; male 82,005)
15-64 years:
68% (female 236,987; male 241,397)
65 years and over:
10% (female 41,625; male 28,736) (July 1995 est.)
Serbia:
*** No data for this item ***
0-14 years:
22% (female 1,095,121; male 1,173,224)
15-64 years:
66% (female 3,431,823; male 3,483,066)
65 years and over:
12% (female 699,488; male 510,863) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate:
Montenegro:
0.79% (1995 est.)
Serbia:
0.51% (1995 est.)
Birth rate:
Montenegro:
14.39 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Serbia:
14.15 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate:
Montenegro:
5.7 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Serbia:
8.72 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate:
Montenegro:
-0.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Serbia:
-0.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Montenegro:
9.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Serbia:
18.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Montenegro:
*** No data for this item ***
total population:
79.56 years
male:
76.69 years
female:
82.61 years (1995 est.)
People
Serbia:
*** No data for this item ***
total population:
73.94 years
male:
71.4 years
female:
76.68 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Montenegro:
1.79 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Serbia:
2 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Serb(s) and Montenegrin(s)
adjective:
Serbian and Montenegrin
Ethnic divisions:
Serbs 63%, Albanians 14%, Montenegrins 6%, Hungarians 4%, other 13%
Religions:
Orthodox 65%, Muslim 19%, Roman Catholic 4%, Protestant 1%, other 11%
Languages:
Serbo-Croatian 95%, Albanian 5%
Literacy:
NA%
Labor force:
2,640,909
by occupation:
industry, mining 40% (1990)
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
none
conventional short form:
Serbia and Montenegro
local long form:
none
local short form:
Srbija-Crna Gora
Digraph:
Serbia:
SR
Montenegro:
MW
Type:
republic
Capital:
Belgrade
Administrative divisions:
2 republics (pokajine, singular - pokajina); and 2 nominally autonomous
provinces*; Kosovo*, Montenegro, Serbia, Vojvodina*
Independence:
11 April 1992 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia formed as self-proclaimed
successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia - SFRY)
National holiday:
NA
Constitution:
27 April 1992
Legal system:
based on civil law system
Suffrage:
16 years of age, if employed; 18 years of age, universal
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President Zoran LILIC (since 25 June 1993); note - Slobodan MILOSEVIC is
president of Serbia (since 9 December 1990); Momir BULATOVIC is president of
Montenegro (since 23 December 1990); Federal Assembly elected Zoran LILIC on
25 June 1993
head of government:
Prime Minister Radoje KONTIC (since 29 December 1992); Deputy Prime
Ministers Jovan ZEBIC (since NA March 1993), Uros KLIKOVAC (since 15
September 1994), Nikola SAINOVIC (since 15 September 1995)
cabinet:
Federal Executive Council
Legislative branch:
bicameral Federal Assembly
Chamber of Republics:
elections last held 20 December 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results -
percent of vote by party NA; seats - (40 total, 20 Serbian, 20 Montenegrin)
seats by party NA
Chamber of Citizens:
elections last held 20 December 1992 (next to be held NA 1996); results -
percent of votes by party NA; seats - (138 total, 108 Serbian, 30
Montenegrin) SPS 47, SRS 34, Depos 20, DPSCG 17, DS 5, SP 5, NS 4, DZVM 3,
other 3
Judicial branch:
Savezni Sud (Federal Court), Constitutional Court
Government
Political parties and leaders:
Serbian Socialist Party (SPS, former Communist Party), Slobodan MILOSEVIC;
Serbian Radical Party (SRS), Vojislav SESELJ; Serbian Renewal Movement
(SPO), Vuk DRASKOVIC, president; Democratic Party (DS), Zoran DJINDJIC;
Democratic Party of Serbia (Depos), Vojlslav KOSTUNICA; Democratic Party of
Socialists of Montenegro (DPSCG), Momir BULATOVIC, president; People's Party
of Montenegro (NS), Milan PAROSKI; Liberal Alliance of Montenegro, Slavko
PEROVIC; Democratic Community of Vojvodina Hungarians (DZVM), Andras
AGOSTON; League of Communists-Movement for Yugoslavia (SK-PJ), Dragan
ATANASOVSKI; Democratic Alliance of Kosovo (LDK), Dr. Ibrahim RUGOVA,
president; Party of Democratic Action (SDA), Sulejman UGLJANIN; Civic
Alliance of Serbia (GSS), Vesna PESIC, chairman; Socialist Party of
Montenegro (SP), leader NA
Other political or pressure groups:
NA
Diplomatic representation in US:
US and Serbia and Montenegro do not maintain full diplomatic relations; the
Embassy of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia continues to
function in the US
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
(vacant); Charge d'Affaires Rudolf V. PERINA
embassy:
address NA, Belgrade
mailing address:
Box 5070, Unit 1310, APO AE 09213-1310
telephone:
[381] (11) 645655
FAX:
[381] (11) 645221
Flag:
three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and red
Economy
Overview:
The swift collapse of the Yugoslav federation in 1991 has been followed by
bloody ethnic warfare, the destabilization of republic boundaries, and the
breakup of important interrepublic trade flows. Serbia and Montenegro faces
major economic problems; output has dropped sharply, particularly in 1993.
First, like the other former Yugoslav republics, it depended on its sister
republics for large amounts of foodstuffs, energy supplies, and
manufactures. Wide differences in climate, mineral resources, and levels of
technology among the republics accentuated this interdependence, as did the
communist practice of concentrating much industrial output in a small number
of giant plants. The breakup of many of the trade links, the sharp drop in
output as industrial plants lost suppliers and markets, and the destruction
of physical assets in the fighting all have contributed to the economic
difficulties of the republics. One singular factor in the economic situation
of Serbia and Montenegro is the continuation in office of a communist
government that is primarily interested in political and military mastery,
not economic reform. A further complication is the imposition of economic
sanctions by the UN in 1992. Hyperinflation ended with the establishment of
a new currency unit in June 1993; prices were relatively stable in 1994.
Reliable statistics are hard to come by; the GDP estimate of $1,000 per
capita in 1994 is extremely rough. Output in 1994 seems to have leveled off
after the plunge in 1993.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power parity - $10 billion (1994 est.)
National product real growth rate:
NA%
National product per capita:
$1,000 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
20% (January-November 1994 est.)
Unemployment rate:
more than 40% (1994 est.)
Budget:
revenues:
$NA
expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports:
$NA
commodities:
prior to the breakup of the federation, Yugoslavia exported machinery and
transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals, food and live animals,
raw materials
partners:
prior to the imposition of UN sanctions trade partners were the other former
Yugoslav republics, Italy, Germany, other EC, the FSU countries, East
European countries, US
Imports:
$NA
commodities:
prior to the breakup of the federation, Yugoslavia imported machinery and
transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, manufactured goods, chemicals,
food and live animals, raw materials including coking coal for the steel
industry
partners:
prior to the imposition of UN sanctions trade partners were the other former
Yugoslav republics, the FSU countries, EC countries (mainly Italy and
Germany), East European countries, US
Economy
External debt:
$4.2 billion (1993 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate NA%
Electricity:
capacity:
10,400,000 kW
production:
34 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
2,400 kWh (1994 est.)
Industries:
machine building (aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; armored vehicles and
weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery), metallurgy (steel,
aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium), mining
(coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone), consumer goods
(textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances), electronics, petroleum
products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals
Agriculture:
the fertile plains of Vojvodina produce 80% of the cereal production of the
former Yugoslavia and most of the cotton, oilseeds, and chicory; Vojvodina
also produces fodder crops to support intensive beef and dairy production;
Serbia proper, although hilly, has a well-distributed rainfall and a long
growing season; produces fruit, grapes, and cereals; in this area, livestock
production (sheep and cattle) and dairy farming prosper; Kosovo produces
fruits, vegetables, tobacco, and a small amount of cereals; the mountainous
pastures of Kosovo and Montenegro support sheep and goat husbandry;
Montenegro has only a small agriculture sector, mostly near the coast where
a Mediterranean climate permits the culture of olives, citrus, grapes, and
rice
Illicit drugs:
NA
Economic aid:
$NA
Currency:
1 Yugoslav New Dinar (YD) = 100 paras
Exchange rates:
Yugoslav New Dinars (YD) per US $1 - 102.6 (February 1995 black market rate)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Transportation
Railroads:
total:
3,960 km
standard gauge:
3,960 km 1.435-m gauge (partially electrified) (1992)
Highways:
total:
46,019 km
paved:
26,949 km
unpaved:
gravel 10,373 km; earth 8,697 km (1990)
Inland waterways:
NA km
Pipelines:
crude oil 415 km; petroleum products 130 km; natural gas 2,110 km
Ports:
Bar, Belgrade, Kotor, Novi Sad, Pancevo, Tivat
Merchant marine:
Montenegro:
total 35 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 543,511 GRT/891,664 DWT
(controlled by Montenegrin beneficial owners)
ships by type:
bulk 15, cargo 14, container 5, short-sea passenger ferry 1
note:
under Maltese and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines flags; no ships remain
under Yugoslav flag
Serbia:
total 2 (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 113,471 GRT/212,742 DWT (controlled by
Serbian beneficial owners)
ships by type:
bulk 2
note:
all under the flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; no ships remain
under Yugoslav flag
Airports:
total:
54
with paved runways over 3,047 m:
2
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
5
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:
5
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
2
with paved runways under 914 m:
24
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m:
2
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
14
Communications
Telephone system:
700,000 telephones
local:
NA
intercity:
NA
international:
1 INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean) earth station
Radio:
broadcast stations:
AM 26, FM 9, shortwave 0
radios:
2.015 million
Television:
broadcast stations:
18
televisions:
1 million
Defense Forces
Branches:
People's Army (includes Ground Forces with internal and border troops, Naval
Forces, and Air and Air Defense Forces), Civil Defense
Manpower availability:
Montenegro:
males age 15-49 194,154; males fit for military service 157,611; males reach
military age (19) annually 5,498 (1995 est.)
Serbia:
males age 15-49 2,652,224; males fit for military service 2,131,894 (1995
est.)
Defense expenditures:
245 billion dinars, 4% to 6% of GDP (1992 est.); note - conversion of
defense expenditures into US dollars using the current exchange rate could
produce misleading results
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The World Factbook 1995,
SuDoc No: PREX 3.15:995
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