Match 233 DB Rec# - 7,685 Dataset-WOFACT
Title :Tajikistan
Text :
Tajikistan
Header
Note:
Tajikistan has experienced three changes of government since it gained
independence in September 1991. The current president, Emomali RAKHMONOV,
was elected to the presidency in November 1994, yet has been in power since
1992. The country is suffering through its third year of a civil war, with
no clear end in sight. Underlying the conflict are deeply-rooted regional
and clan-based animosities that pit a government consisting of people
primarily from the Kulob (Kulyab), Khujand (Leninabad), and Hisor (Hissar)
regions against a secular and Islamic-led opposition from the Gharm,
Gorno-Badakhshan, and Qurghonteppa (Kurgan-Tyube) regions. Government and
opposition representatives have held periodic rounds of UN-mediated peace
talks and agreed in September 1994 to a cease-fire. Russian-led peacekeeping
troops are deployed throughout the country, and Russian border guards are
stationed along the Tajik-Afghan border.
Geography
Location:
Central Asia, west of China
Map references:
Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States
Area:
total area:
143,100 sq km
land area:
142,700 sq km
comparative area:
slightly smaller than Wisconsin
Land boundaries:
total 3,651 km, Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km,
Uzbekistan 1,161 km
Coastline:
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims:
none; landlocked
International disputes:
boundary with China in dispute; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on
northern boundary in Isfara Valley area; Afghanistan's and other foreign
support to Tajik rebels based in northern Afghanistan
Climate:
midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in
Pamir Mountains
Terrain:
Pamir and Altay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in
north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest
Natural resources:
significant hydropower potential, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown
coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten
Land use:
arable land:
6%
permanent crops:
0%
meadows and pastures:
23%
forest and woodland:
0%
other:
71%
Irrigated land:
6,940 sq km (1990)
Environment:
current issues:
inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity;
industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; part of the basin of the
shrinking Aral Sea which suffers from severe overutilization of available
water for irrigation and associated pollution
natural hazards:
NA
international agreements:
NA
Note:
landlocked
People
Population:
6,155,474 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:
43% (female 1,303,627; male 1,340,086)
15-64 years:
53% (female 1,612,429; male 1,624,379)
65 years and over:
4% (female 157,841; male 117,112) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate:
2.6% (1995 est.)
Birth rate:
34.06 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate:
6.58 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate:
-1.44 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
60.4 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
69.03 years
male:
66.11 years
female:
72.1 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate:
4.55 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Tajik(s)
adjective:
Tajik
Ethnic divisions:
Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration),
other 6.6%
Religions:
Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5%
Languages:
Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1989)
total population:
98%
male:
99%
female:
97%
Labor force:
1.95 million (1992)
by occupation:
agriculture and forestry 43%, government and services 24%, industry 14%,
trade and communications 11%, construction 8% (1990)
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Republic of Tajikistan
conventional short form:
Tajikistan
local long form:
Jumhurii Tojikistan
local short form:
none
former:
Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
Digraph:
TI
Type:
republic
Capital:
Dushanbe
Administrative divisions:
2 oblasts (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and one autonomous oblast*
(viloyati avtonomii); Viloyati Avtonomii Badakhshoni Kuni* (Khorugh -
formerly Khorog), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa - formerly Kurgan-Tyube),
Viloyati Leninobad (Khujand - formerly Leninabad)
note:
the administrative center names are in parentheses
Independence:
9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)
National holiday:
National Day, 9 September (1991)
Constitution:
new constitution adopted 6 November 1994
Legal system:
based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President Emomili RAKHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; was Head of State and
Assembly Chairman since NA November 1992); election last held 6 November
1994 (next to be held NA 1998); results - Emomili RAKHMONOV 58%, Abdumalik
ABDULLAJANOV 40%
head of government:
Prime Minister Jamshed KARIMOV (since 2 December 1994)
cabinet:
Council of Ministers
Legislative branch:
unicameral
Supreme Soviet:
elections last held 26 February 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent
of vote by party NA; estimated seats - (181 total) Communist Party and
affiliates 100, Popular Party 10, Party of Political and Economic Progress
1, Party of Popular Unity 6, other 64
Judicial branch:
Prosecutor General
Government
Political parties and leaders:
Communist Party (People's Party of Tajikistan - PPT), Abdumalik ABDULAJANOV;
Party of Economic Freedom (PEF), Abdumalik ABDULAJANOV; Tajik Socialist
Party (TSP), Shodi SHABDOLOV; Tajik Democratic Party (TDP), Abdu-Nabi
SATARZADE, chairman; note - suspended for six months; Islamic Renaissance
Party (IRP), Sayed Abdullo NURI, chairman; Rebirth (Rastokhez), Takhir
ABDUZHABOROV; Lali Badakhshan Society, Atobek AMIRBEK; People's Democratic
Party (PDP), Abdujalil HAMIDOV, chairman; Tajikistan Party of Economic and
Political Renewal (TPEPR), Mukhtor BOBOYEV
note:
all the above-listed parties except the Communist Party, the Party of
National Unity, and the People's Party were banned in June 1993
Other political or pressure groups:
Tajikistan Opposition Movement based in northern Afghanistan
Member of:
CIS, EBRD, ECO, ESCAP, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT
(nonsignatory user), IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NACC, OIC, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
NA
chancery:
NA
telephone:
NA
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Stanley T. ESCUDERO
embassy:
Interim Chancery, #39 Ainii Street, Oktyabrskaya Hotel, Dushanbe
mailing address:
use embassy street address
telephone:
[7] (3772) 21-03-56
Flag:
three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a
crown surmounted by seven five-pointed stars is located in the center of the
white stripe
Economy
Overview:
Tajikistan had the next-to-lowest per capita GDP in the former USSR, the
highest rate of population growth, and an extremely low standard of living.
Agriculture dominates the economy, cotton being the most important crop.
Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold,
uranium, and tungsten. Industry is limited to a large aluminum plant,
hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry
and food processing. The Tajik economy has been gravely weakened by three
years of civil war and by the loss of subsidies and markets for its
products, which has left Tajikistan dependent on Russia and Uzbekistan and
on international humanitarian assistance for much of its basic subsistence
needs. Moreover, constant political turmoil and the continued dominance by
former Communist officials have impeded the introduction of meaningful
economic reforms. In the meantime, Tajikistan's efforts to adopt the Russian
ruble as its domestic currency despite Russia's unwillingness to supply
sufficient rubles left the country in a severe monetary crisis throughout
1994, keeping inflation low but leaving workers and pensioners unpaid for
months at a time. The government has announced plans to introduce its own
currency in 1995 to help resolve the problem.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power parity - $8.5 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated
from World Bank estimate for 1992)
National product real growth rate:
-12% (1994 est.)
National product per capita:
$1,415 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
NA%
Unemployment rate:
1.5% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of
underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people (September 1994)
Budget:
revenues:
$NA
expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports:
$320 million to outside the FSU countries (1994)
commodities:
cotton, aluminum, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles
partners:
Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan
Imports:
$318 million from outside the FSU countries (1994)
commodities:
fuel, chemicals, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs
partners:
Russia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan
External debt:
$NA
Industrial production:
growth rate -31% (1994)
Electricity:
capacity:
3,800,000 kW
production:
17 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
2,800 kWh (1994)
Economy
Industries:
aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil,
metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers
Agriculture:
cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep and goats
Illicit drugs:
illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption;
used as transshipment points for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to
Western Europe and North America
Economic aid:
recipient:
Russia and Uzbekistan reportedly provided substantial general assistance
throughout 1993 and 1994; Western aid and credits promised through the end
of 1993 were $700 million but disbursements were only $104 million; large
scale development loans await IMF approval of a reform and stabilization
plan
Currency:
1 ruble (R) = 100 kopeks; Tajikistan uses the Russian ruble as its currency
by agreement with Russia; government has plans to introduce its own
currency, the Tajik ruble, in 1995
Exchange rates:
NA
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Transportation
Railroads:
total:
480 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines (1990)
Highways:
29,900 km
paved:
21,400 km
unpaved:
earth 8,500 km (1990)
Pipelines:
natural gas 400 km (1992)
Ports:
none
Airports:
total:
59
with paved runways over 3,047 m:
1
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
5
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:
7
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
1
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
9
with unpaved runways under 914 m:
36
Communications
Telephone system:
303,000 telephones (December 1991); about 55 telephones/1,000 persons
(1991); poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached
by the national network
local:
NA
intercity:
cable and microwave radio relay
international:
linked by cable and microwave to other CIS republics, and by leased
connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by
INTELSAT to international gateway switch in Ankara; 1 Orbita and 2 INTELSAT
earth stations
Radio:
broadcast stations:
AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
radios:
NA
Television:
broadcast stations:
NA
televisions:
NA
note:
1 INTELSAT earth station provides TV receive-only service from Turkey
Defense Forces
Branches:
Army (being formed), National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border
troops)
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 1,410,229; males fit for military service 1,153,638; males
reach military age (18) annually 57,942 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures:
$NA, NA% of GDP
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The World Factbook 1995,
SuDoc No: PREX 3.15:995
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