Match 247 DB Rec# - 7,699 Dataset-WOFACT
Title :Ukraine
Text :
Ukraine
Geography
Location:
Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland and Russia
Map references:
Commonwealth of Independent States - European States
Area:
total area:
603,700 sq km
land area:
603,700 sq km
comparative area:
slightly smaller than Texas
Land boundaries:
total 4,558 km, Belarus 891 km, Hungary 103 km, Moldova 939 km, Poland 428
km, Romania (southwest) 169 km, Romania (west) 362 km, Russia 1,576 km,
Slovakia 90 km
Coastline:
2,782 km
Maritime claims:
continental shelf:
200-m or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone:
undefined
territorial sea:
12 nm
International disputes:
certain territory of Moldova and Ukraine - including Bessarabia and Northern
Bukovina - are considered by Bucharest as historically a part of Romania;
this territory was incorporated into the former Soviet Union following the
Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1940; potential dispute with Russia over Crimea;
has made no territorial claim in Antarctica (but has reserved the right to
do so) and does not recognize the claims of any other nation
Climate:
temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast;
precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north,
lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to
cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the
country, hot in the south
Terrain:
most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaux, mountains
being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula
in the extreme south
Natural resources:
iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulphur, graphite,
titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber
Land use:
arable land:
56%
permanent crops:
2%
meadows and pastures:
12%
forest and woodland:
0%
other:
30%
Irrigated land:
26,000 sq km (1990)
Geography
Environment:
current issues:
inadequate supplies of potable water; air and water pollution;
deforestation; radiation contamination in the northeast from 1986 accident
at Chornobyl' Nuclear Power Plant
natural hazards:
NA
international agreements:
party to - Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic Treaty, Environmental Modification, Marine
Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed,
but not ratified - Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic
Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea
Note:
strategic position at the crossroads between Europe and Asia; second largest
country in Europe
People
Population:
51,867,828 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:
21% (female 5,217,850; male 5,407,450)
15-64 years:
65% (female 17,563,924; male 16,334,299)
65 years and over:
14% (female 4,976,893; male 2,367,412) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.04% (1995 est.)
Birth rate:
12.31 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate:
12.67 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate:
0.71 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
20.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
70.11 years
male:
65.59 years
female:
74.87 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.81 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Ukrainian(s)
adjective:
Ukrainian
Ethnic divisions:
Ukrainian 73%, Russian 22%, Jewish 1%, other 4%
Religions:
Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate, Ukrainian Orthodox - Kiev
Patriarchate, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox, Ukrainian Catholic (Uniate),
Protestant, Jewish
Languages:
Ukrainian, Russian, Romanian, Polish, Hungarian
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1989)
total population:
98%
male:
100%
female:
97%
Labor force:
23.55 million (January 1994)
by occupation:
industry and construction 33%, agriculture and forestry 21%, health,
education, and culture 16%, trade and distribution 7%, transport and
communication 7%, other 16% (1992)
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
none
conventional short form:
Ukraine
local long form:
none
local short form:
Ukrayina
former:
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Digraph:
UP
Type:
republic
Capital:
Kiev (Kyyiv)
Administrative divisions:
24 oblasti (singular - oblast'), 1 autonomous republic* (avtomnaya
respublika), and 2 municipalites (mista, singular - misto) with oblast
status**; Cherkas'ka (Cherkasy), Chernihivs'ka (Chernihiv), Chernivets'ka
(Chernivtsi), Dnipropetrovs'ka (Dnipropetrovs'k), Donets'ka (Donets'k),
Ivano-Frankivs'ka (Ivano-Frankivs'k), Kharkivs'ka (Kharkiv), Khersons'ka
(Kherson), Khmel'nyts'ka (Khmel'nyts'kyy), Kirovohrads'ka (Kirovohrad),
Kyyiv**, Kyyivs'ka (Kiev), Luhans'ka (Luhans'k), L'vivs'ka (L'viv),
Mykolayivs'ka (Mykolayiv), Odes'ka (Odesa), Poltavs'ka (Poltava), Respublika
Krym* (Simferopol'), Rivnens'ka (Rivne), Sevastopol'**, Sums'ka
(Sevastopol'), Ternopil's'ka (Ternopil'), Vinnyts'ka (Vinnytsya), Volyns'ka
(Luts'k), Zakarpats'ka (Uzhhorod), Zaporiz'ka (Zaporizhzhya), Zhytomyrs'ka
(Zhytomyr)
note:
names in parentheses are administrative centers when name differs from
oblast' name
Independence:
1 December 1991 (from Soviet Union)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 24 August (1991)
Constitution:
using 1978 pre-independence constitution; new constitution currently being
drafted
Legal system:
based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President Leonid D. KUCHMA (since 19 July 1994); election last held 26 June
and 10 July 1994 (next to be held NA 1999); results - Leonid KUCHMA 52.15%,
Leonid KRAVCHUK 45.06%
head of government:
Acting Prime Minister Yeuben MARCHUK (since 3 March 1995); First Deputy
Prime Ministers Yevhen MARCHUK and Viktor PYNZENYK (since 31 October 1994)
and six deputy prime ministers
cabinet:
Council of Ministers; appointed by the president and approved by the Supreme
Council
Government
National Security Council:
originally created in 1992, but signficantly revamped and strengthened under
President KUCHMA; members include the president, prime minister, Ministers
of Finance, Environment, Justice, Internal Affairs, Foreign Economic
Relations, Economic and Foreign Affairs; the NSC staff is tasked with
developing national security policy on domestic and international matters
and advising the president
Presidential Administration:
helps draft presidential edicts and provides policy support to the president
Council of Regions:
advisory body created by President KUCHMA in September 1994; includes the
Chairmen of Oblast and Kiev and Sevastopol City Supreme Councils
Legislative branch:
unicameral
Supreme Council:
elections last held 27 March 1994 with repeat elections continuing through
December 1998 to fill empty seats (next to be held NA); results - percent of
vote by party NA; seats - (450 total) Communists 91, Rukh 22, Agrarians 18,
Socialists 15, Republicans 11, Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists 5, Labor
5, Party of Democratic Revival 4, Democrats 2, Social Democrats 2, Civil
Congress 2, Conservative Republicans 1, Party of Economic Revival of Crimea
1, Christian Democrats 1, independents 225; note - 405 deputies have been
elected; run-off elections for the remaining 45 seats to be held by December
1998
Judicial branch:
joint commission formed in April 1995 to define a program of judicial reform
by year-end
Political parties and leaders:
Green Party of Ukraine, Vitaliy KONONOV, leader; Liberal Party of Ukraine;
Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr KLYMCHUK, chairman;
Democratic Party of Ukraine, Volodymyr Oleksandrovych YAVORIVSKIY, chairman;
People's Party of Ukraine, Leopol'd TABURYANSKYY, chairman; Peasants' Party
of Ukraine, Serhiy DOVHRAN', chairman; Party of Democratic Rebirth (Revival)
of Ukraine, Volodymyr FILENKO, chairman; Social Democratic Party of Ukraine,
Yuriy VUZDUHAN, chairman; Socialist Party of Ukraine, Oleksandr MOROZ,
chairman; Ukrainian Christian Democratic Party, Vitaliy ZHURAVSKYY,
chairman; Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party, Stepan KHMARA, chairman;
Ukrainian Labor Party, Valentyn LANDYK, chairman; Ukrainian Party of
Justice, Mykhaylo HRECHKO, chairman; Ukrainian Peasants' Democratic Party,
Serhiy PLACHINDA, chairman; Ukrainian Republican Party, Mykhaylo HORYN',
chairman; Ukrainian National Conservative Party, Viktor RADIONOV, chairman;
Ukrainian People's Movement for Restructuring (Rukh), Vyacheslav CHORNOVIL,
chairman; Ukrainian Communist Party, Petr SYMONENKO; Agrarian Party;
Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists, S. STESTKO; Civil Congress, O. BAZYLUK;
Party of Economic Revival of Crimea; Democratic Party Of Ukraine, Serhiy
DOVMAN', chairman
Other political or pressure groups:
New Ukraine (Nova Ukrayina); Congress of National Democratic Forces
Member of:
BSEC, CCC, CE (guest), CEI (associate members), CIS, EBRD, ECE, IAEA, IBRD,
ICAO, ICRM, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user),
INTERPOL, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NACC, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD,
UNESCO, UNIDO, UNPROFOR, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Yuriy SHCHERBAK
chancery:
3350 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone:
[1] (202) 333-0606
Government
FAX:
[1] (202) 333-0817
consulate(s) general:
Chicago and New York
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador William Green MILLER
embassy:
10 Yuria Kotsyubinskovo, 252053 Kiev 53
mailing address:
use embassy street address
telephone:
[7] (044) 244-73-49, 244-37-45
FAX:
[7] (044) 244-73-50
Flag:
two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow represent
grainfields under a blue sky
Economy
Overview:
After Russia, the Ukrainian republic was far and away the most important
economic component of the former Soviet Union, producing more than three
times the output of the next-ranking republic. Its fertile black soil
generated more than one-fourth of Soviet agricultural output, and its farms
provided substantial quantities of meat, milk, grain, and vegetables to
other republics. Likewise, its diversified heavy industry supplied equipment
and raw materials to industrial and mining sites in other regions of the
former USSR. In early 1992, the Ukrainian government liberalized most prices
and erected a legal framework for privatization, but widespread resistance
to reform within the government and the legislature soon stalled reform
efforts and led to some backtracking. Loose monetary and fiscal policies
pushed inflation to hyperinflationary levels in late 1993. Greater monetary
and fiscal restraint lowered inflation in 1994, but also contributed to an
accelerated decline in industrial output. Since his election in July 1994,
President KUCHMA has developed - and parliament has approved - a
comprehensive economic reform program, maintained financial discipline, and
reduced state controls over prices, the exchange rate, and foreign trade.
Implementation of KUCHMA's economic agenda will encounter considerable
resistance from parliament, entrenched bureaucrats, and industrial interests
and will contribute to further declines in output and rising unemployment
which will sorely test the government's ability to stay the course on reform
in 1995.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power parity - $189.2 billion (1994 estimate as
extrapolated from World Bank estimate for 1992)
National product real growth rate:
-19% (1994 est.)
National product per capita:
$3,650 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
14% per month (1994)
Unemployment rate:
0.4% officially registered; large number of unregistered or underemployed
workers
Budget:
revenues:
$NA
expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports:
$11.8 billion (1994)
commodities:
coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, chemicals, machinery
and transport equipment, grain, meat
partners:
FSU countries, China, Italy, Switzerland
Imports:
$14.2 billion (1994)
commodities:
energy, machinery and parts, transportation equipment, chemicals, textiles
partners:
FSU countries, Germany, Poland, Czech Republic
External debt:
$7.5 billion (yearend 1994)
Industrial production:
growth rate -28% (1994 est.); accounts for 50% of GDP
Economy
Electricity:
capacity:
54,380,000 kW
production:
182 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
3,200 kWh (1994)
Industries:
coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals, machinery and transport
equipment, chemicals, food-processing (especially sugar)
Agriculture:
accounts for about 25% of GDP; grain, vegetables, meat, milk, sugar beets
Illicit drugs:
illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption;
limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for
illicit drugs to Western Europe
Economic aid:
$550 million economic aid and $350 million to help disassemble the atomic
weapons from the US in 1994
Currency:
Ukraine withdrew the Russian ruble from circulation on 12 November 1992 and
declared the karbovanets (plural karbovantsi) sole legal tender in Ukrainian
markets; Ukrainian officials claim this is an interim move toward
introducing a new currency - the hryvnya - possibly in mid-1995
Exchange rates:
karbovantsi per 1$US - 107,900 (end December 1994), 130,000 (April 1994)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Transportation
Railroads:
total:
23,350 km
broad gauge:
23,350 km 1.524-m gauge (8,600 km electrified)
Highways:
total:
273,700 km
paved and graveled:
236,400 km
unpaved:
earth 37,300 km
Inland waterways:
1,672 km perennially navigable (Pryp''yat' and Dnipro Rivers)
Pipelines:
crude oil 2,010 km; petroleum products 1,920 km; natural gas 7,800 km (1992)
Ports:
Berdyans'k, Illichivs'k, Izmayil, Kerch, Kherson, Kiev (Kyyiv), Mariupol',
Mykolayiv, Odesa, Pivdenne, Reni
Merchant marine:
total:
379 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,799,253 GRT/5,071,175 DWT
ships by type:
barge carrier 7, bulk 55, cargo 221, chemical tanker 2, container 20,
multifunction large-load carrier 1, oil tanker 10, passenger 12,
passenger-cargo 5, railcar carrier 2, refrigerated cargo 5, roll-on/roll-off
cargo 32, short-sea passenger 7
Airports:
total:
706
with paved runways over 3,047 m:
14
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
55
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:
34
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
3
with paved runways under 914 m:
57
with unpaved runways over 3,047 m:
7
with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
7
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m:
16
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
37
with unpaved runways under 914 m:
476
Communications
Telephone system:
7,886,000 telephone circuits; about 151.4 telephone circuits/1,000 persons
(1991); the telephone system is inadequate both for business and for
personal use; 3.56 million applications for telephones had not been
satisfied as of January 1991; electronic mail services have been established
in Kiev, Odesa, and Luhans'k by Sprint
local:
an NMT-450 analog cellular telephone network operates in Kiev (Kyyiv) and
allows direct dialing of international calls through Kiev's EWSD digital
exchange
intercity:
NA
international:
calls to other CIS countries are carried by land line or microwave; other
international calls to 167 countries are carried by satellite or by the 150
leased lines through the Moscow gateway switch; INTELSAT, INMARSAT, and
Intersputnik earth stations
Radio:
broadcast stations:
AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
radios:
15 million
Television:
broadcast stations:
NA
televisions:
20 million
Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Republic Security Forces (internal
and border troops), National Guard
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 12,324,832; males fit for military service 9,667,642; males
reach military age (18) annually 359,546 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures:
544.3 billion karbovantsi, less than 4% of GDP (forecast for 1993); note -
conversion of defense expenditures into US dollars using the current
exchange rate could produce misleading results
| Index to 1995 World Factbook... | UMSL Govt. Docs... | UMSL Libraries... | UMSL Home... |
This publication is also available online from the CIA (http://www.odci.gov/cia) as 1995 World Factbook (http://www.odci.gov/cia/publications/95fact/index.html).
The printed version of this item can be found under the title:
The World Factbook 1995,
SuDoc No: PREX 3.15:995
Select this link for contact information about the UM-St. Louis Librarians maintaining this site. Updated: March 12, 1996