Match 252 DB Rec# - 7,704 Dataset-WOFACT
Title :Uzbekistan
Text :
Uzbekistan
Geography
Location:
Central Asia, north of Afghanistan
Map references:
Commonwealth of Independent States - Central Asian States
Area:
total area:
447,400 sq km
land area:
425,400 sq km
comparative area:
slightly larger than California
Land boundaries:
total 6,221 km, Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakhstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099
km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km
Coastline:
0 km
note:
Uzbekistan borders the Aral Sea (420 km)
Maritime claims:
none; landlocked
International disputes:
none
Climate:
mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid
grassland in east
Terrain:
mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely
irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya and Sirdaryo Rivers;
Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan;
shrinking Aral Sea in west
Natural resources:
natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc,
tungsten, molybdenum
Land use:
arable land:
10%
permanent crops:
1%
meadows and pastures:
47%
forest and woodland:
0%
other:
42%
Irrigated land:
41,550 sq km (1990)
Environment:
current issues:
drying up of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical
pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the
increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water
pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and
pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil
salinization; soil contamination from agricultural chemicals, including DDT
natural hazards:
NA
international agreements:
party to - Climate Change, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer
Protection
Geography
Note:
landlocked
People
Population:
23,089,261 (July 1995 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:
40% (female 4,553,432; male 4,670,496)
15-64 years:
55% (female 6,400,578; male 6,384,862)
65 years and over:
5% (female 656,933; male 422,960) (July 1995 est.)
Population growth rate:
2.08% (1995 est.)
Birth rate:
29.45 births/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Death rate:
6.44 deaths/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Net migration rate:
-2.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1995 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
52 deaths/1,000 live births (1995 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
68.79 years
male:
65.5 years
female:
72.24 years (1995 est.)
Total fertility rate:
3.67 children born/woman (1995 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Uzbek(s)
adjective:
Uzbek
Ethnic divisions:
Uzbek 71.4%, Russian 8.3%, Tajik 4.7%, Kazakh 4.1%, Tatar 2.4%, Karakalpak
2.1%, other 7%
Religions:
Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
Languages:
Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1989)
total population:
97%
male:
98%
female:
96%
Labor force:
8.234 million
by occupation:
agriculture and forestry 43%, industry and construction 22%, other 35%
(1992)
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Republic of Uzbekistan
conventional short form:
Uzbekistan
local long form:
Uzbekiston Respublikasi
local short form:
none
former:
Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
Digraph:
UZ
Type:
republic
Capital:
Tashkent (Toshkent)
Administrative divisions:
12 wiloyatlar (singular - wiloyat), 1 autonomous republic* (respublikasi),
and 1 city** (shahri); Andijon Wiloyati, Bukhoro Wiloyati, Jizzakh Wiloyati,
Farghona Wiloyati, Qoraqalpoghiston* (Nukus), Qashqadaryo Wiloyati (Qarshi),
Khorazm Wiloyati (Urganch), Namangan Wiloyati, Nawoiy Wiloyati, Samarqand
Wiloyati, Sirdaryo Wiloyati (Guliston), Surkhondaryo Wiloyati (Termiz),
Toshkent Shahri**, Toshkent Wiloyati
note:
an administrative division has the same name as its administrative center
(exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Independence:
31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 1 September (1991)
Constitution:
new constitution adopted 8 December 1992
Legal system:
evolution of Soviet civil law; still lacks independent judicial system
Suffrage:
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state:
President Islam KARIMOV (since NA March 1990); election last held 29
December 1991 (next to be held NA); results - Islam KARIMOV 86%, Mukhammad
SOLIKH 12%, other 2%; note - a 26 March 1995 referendum extended KARIMOV's
term until 2000 (99.6% approval)
head of government:
Prime Minister Abdulhashim MUTALOV (since 13 January 1992), First Deputy
Prime Minister Ismail DJURABEKOV (since NA); Deputy Prime Ministers Viktor
CHIZHEN, Bakhtiyar HAMIDOV, Kayim KHAKKULOV, Yuriy PAYGIN, Saidmukhtar
SAIDKASYMOV, Utkur SULTANOV, Mirabror USMANOV, Murat SHARIFKHOJAYEV (since
NA)
cabinet:
Cabinet of Ministers; appointed by the president with approval of the
Supreme Assembly
Legislative branch:
unicameral
Government
Supreme Council:
elections last held 25 December 1994 (next to be held NA); results - percent
of vote by party NA; seats - (250 total) People's Democratic Party 207,
Fatherland Progress Party 12, other 31; note - final runoffs were held 22
January 1995; seating was as follows: People's Democratic Party 69,
Fatherland Progress Party 14, Social Democratic Party 47, local government
120
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders:
People's Democratic Party (PDP; formerly Communist Party), Islam A. KARIMOV,
chairman; Fatherland Progress Party (FPP), Anwar YULDASHEV, chairman; Social
Democratic Party, Anvar JORABAYEV, chairman; Erk (Freedom) Democratic Party
(EDP), Muhammad SOLIKH, chairman (in exile); note - EDP was banned 9
December 1992
Other political or pressure groups:
Birlik (Unity) People's Movement (BPM), Abdul Rakhim PULATOV, chairman (in
exile); Islamic Rebirth Party (IRP), Abdullah UTAYEV, chairman; Adolat-94
(formed by former Vice President Shukhrat MIRSAIDOV and Ibragim BURIEV
note:
PULATOV (BPM) is in exile in the West; UTAYEV (IRP) is either in prison or
in exile
Member of:
AsDB, CCC, CIS, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF,
INTERPOL, IOC, ISO, ITU, NACC, NAM, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO,
UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Fatikh TESHABAYEV
chancery:
(temporary) Suites 619 and 623, 1511 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20005
telephone:
[1] (202) 638-4266, 4267
FAX:
[1] (202) 638-4268
consulate(s) general:
New York
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Henry L. CLARKE
embassy:
82 Chilanzarskaya, Tashkent
mailing address:
use embassy street address
telephone:
[7] (3712) 77-14-07, 77-10-81
FAX:
[7] (3712) 77-69-53
Flag:
three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by
red fimbriations with a crescent moon and 12 stars in the upper hoist-side
quadrant
Economy
Overview:
Uzbekistan is a dry, landlocked country of which 10% consists of intensely
cultivated, irrigated river valleys. It is one of the poorest states of the
former USSR with 60% of its population living in overpopulated rural
communities. Nevertheless, Uzbekistan is the world's third largest cotton
exporter, a major producer of gold and natural gas, and a regionally
significant producer of chemicals and machinery. Since independence, the
government has sought to prop up the Soviet-style command economy with
subsidies and tight controls on prices and production. Such policies have
buffered the economy from the sharp declines in output and high inflation
experienced by many other former Soviet republics. They had become
increasingly unsustainable, however, as inflation moves along at 14% per
month and as Russia has forced the Uzbek government to introduce its own
currency. Faced with mounting economic problems, the government has begun to
move on a reform agenda and cooperate with international financial
institutions, announced an acceleration of privatization, and stepped up
efforts to attract foreign investors. Nevertheless, the regime is likely to
find it difficult to sustain its drive for economic reform.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power parity - $54.5 billion (1994 estimate as extrapolated
from World Bank estimate for 1992)
National product real growth rate:
-4% (1994 est.)
National product per capita:
$2,400 (1994 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
14% per month (1994 est.)
Unemployment rate:
0.3% includes only officially registered unemployed; large numbers of
underemployed workers (December 1994)
Budget:
revenues:
$NA
expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Exports:
$943.7 million to outside the FSU countries (1994)
commodities:
cotton, gold, natural gas, mineral fertilizers, ferrous metals, textiles,
food products
partners:
Russia, Ukraine, Eastern Europe, US
Imports:
$1.15 billion from outside the FSU countries (1994)
commodities:
grain, machinery and parts, consumer durables, other foods
partners:
principally other FSU countries, Czech Republic
External debt:
$NA
Industrial production:
growth rate 1% (1994 est.)
Electricity:
capacity:
11,690,000 kW
production:
47.5 billion kWh
consumption per capita:
2,130 kWh (1994)
Economy
Industries:
textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, natural gas
Agriculture:
cotton, vegetables, fruits, grain, livestock
Illicit drugs:
illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly for CIS consumption;
limited government eradication programs; used as transshipment point for
illicit drugs to Western Europe
Economic aid:
recipient:
the IMF has established a Systemic Transformation Facility of $74 million
and the World Bank has made a rehabilitation loan of $160 million with other
project loans pending; estimated annual external financing requirements for
1995-96 of $600 million to $700 million
Currency:
introduced provisional som-coupons 10 November 1993 which circulated
parallel to the Russian rubles; became the sole legal currency 31 January
1994; was replaced in July 1994 by the som currency
Exchange rates:
soms per US$1 - 25 (yearend 1994)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Transportation
Railroads:
total:
3,460 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines
broad gauge:
3,460 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)
Highways:
total:
78,400 km
paved and graveled:
67,000 km
unpaved:
earth 11,400 km (1990)
Pipelines:
crude oil 250 km; petroleum products 40 km; natural gas 810 km (1992)
Ports:
Termiz
Airports:
total:
261
with paved runways over 3,047 m:
6
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
14
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m:
2
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
8
with paved runways under 914 m:
5
with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m:
2
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m:
1
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m:
7
with unpaved runways under 914 m:
216
Communications
Telephone system:
1,458,000 telephones; 63 telephones/1,000 persons (1995); poorly developed
local:
NMT-450 analog cellular network established in Tashkent
intercity:
NA
international:
linked by landline or microwave with CIS member states and by leased
connection via the Moscow international gateway switch to other countries;
new INTELSAT links to Tokyo and Ankara give Uzbekistan international access
independent of Russian facilities; Orbita and INTELSAT earth stations
Radio:
broadcast stations:
AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
radios:
NA
Television:
broadcast stations:
NA
televisions:
NA
Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Air and Air Defense, Republic Security Forces (internal and border
troops), National Guard
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 5,567,580; males fit for military service 4,537,455; males
reach military age (18) annually 222,506 (1995 est.)
Defense expenditures:
$NA, NA% of GDP
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The World Factbook 1995,
SuDoc No: PREX 3.15:995
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