Country | STOCK OF NARROW MONEY |
---|---|
Afghanistan |
$6.644 billion (31 December 2014 est.) $6.192 billion (31 December 2013 est.) |
Albania |
$3.397 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $3.054 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Algeria |
$85.11 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $86.45 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Angola |
$23.17 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $25.27 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Anguilla |
$23.74 million (31 December 2016 est.) $25.98 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Antigua and Barbuda |
$293 million (31 December 2016 est.) $257.1 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Argentina |
$59 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $52.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Armenia |
$1.355 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.149 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Aruba |
$1.257 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.151 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Australia |
$243.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $229.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Austria |
$214 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $193.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders |
Azerbaijan |
$5.06 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $4.423 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Bahamas, The |
$2.461 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $2.087 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Bahrain |
$9.157 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $9.105 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Bangladesh |
$25.94 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $21.44 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Barbados |
$2.143 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $2.053 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Belarus |
$2.718 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $2.301 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Belgium |
$198 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $181.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders |
Belize |
$735.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) $764.3 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Benin |
$2.182 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $2.172 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Bermuda |
$3.374 billion (30 September 2014 est.) $3.422 billion (31 December 2013 est.) note: figures do not include US dollars, which also circulate freely |
Bhutan |
$769 million (31 December 2016 est.) $669.9 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Bolivia |
$9.09 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $8.946 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
$5.013 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $4.554 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Botswana |
$1.505 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.223 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Brazil |
$106.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $85.64 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Brunei |
$3.232 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $3.31 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Bulgaria |
$22 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $20.09 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Burkina Faso |
$2.274 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $2.124 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Burma |
$15.84 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $14.23 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Burundi |
$456.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) $397.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Cabo Verde |
$607.2 million (31 December 2016 est.) $557.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Cambodia |
$1.748 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.602 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Cameroon |
$3.86 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $3.786 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Canada |
$637.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $568.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Cayman Islands |
$334.3 million (31 December 2008) |
Central African Republic |
$342.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) $340.9 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Chad |
$1.241 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.457 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Chile |
$44.01 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $39.88 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
China |
$7.001 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) $6.176 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Colombia |
$34.01 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $32.82 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Comoros |
$180.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) $169 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Congo, Democratic Republic of the |
$1.192 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.213 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Congo, Republic of the |
$2.456 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $3.131 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Cook Islands |
$38.99 million (31 December 2011 est.) |
Costa Rica |
$5.536 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $5.273 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Cote d'Ivoire |
$9.438 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $8.516 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Croatia |
$11.64 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $10.11 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Cuba |
$21.92 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $18.91 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Cyprus |
$3.978 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $4.048 billion (31 December 2015 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders |
Czechia |
$133.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $124.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Denmark |
$159.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $151.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Djibouti |
$1.323 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.182 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Dominica |
$112 million (31 December 2016 est.) $96.59 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Dominican Republic |
$6.491 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $5.986 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Ecuador |
$9.281 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $7.201 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Egypt |
$34.51 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $66.49 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
El Salvador |
$3.129 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $3.253 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Equatorial Guinea |
$1.467 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.79 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Eritrea |
$2.74 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $2.386 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Estonia |
$11.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $10.96 billion (31 December 2015 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders |
Ethiopia |
$14.56 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $12.34 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
European Union |
$6.613 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) $5.947 trillion (31 December 2014 est.) note: this is the quantity of money, M1, for the euro area, converted into US dollars at the exchange rate for the date indicated; it excludes the stock of money carried by non-euro-area members of the European Union, e.g., UK pounds, Danish kroner, and Czech koruny |
Fiji |
$1.994 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.931 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Finland |
$124 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $121.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders |
France |
$1.139 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.079 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders |
Gabon |
$2.053 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $2.251 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Gambia, The |
$279.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) $261.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Gaza Strip |
see entry for the West Bank |
Georgia |
$2.389 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $2.063 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Germany |
$2.016 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.923 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders |
Ghana |
$6.472 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $5.736 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Greece |
$86.53 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $86.69 billion (31 December 2015 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders |
Grenada |
$214 million (31 December 2016 est.) $201.1 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Guatemala |
$10.81 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $10.05 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Guinea-Bissau |
$525.2 million (31 December 2016 est.) $454.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Guinea |
$1.61 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.698 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Guyana |
$701.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) $631 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Haiti |
$1.049 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.073 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Honduras |
$2.455 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $2.326 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Hong Kong |
$285.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $254.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Hungary |
$55.64 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $46.14 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Iceland |
$4.251 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $3.314 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
India |
$294.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $370.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Indonesia |
$92.11 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $76.51 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Iran |
$47.59 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $38.44 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Iraq |
$59.84 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $55.36 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Ireland |
$156.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $146.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders |
Israel |
$79.58 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $63.41 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Italy |
$1.101 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.027 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders |
Jamaica |
$3.409 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $3.542 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Japan |
$5.651 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) $5.126 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Jordan |
$14.63 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $13.92 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Kazakhstan |
$13.81 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $8.934 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Kenya |
$12.77 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $9.927 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Korea, South |
$658.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $604.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Kuwait |
$31.87 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $30.95 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Kyrgyzstan |
$1.411 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $928.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Laos |
$1.243 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.192 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Latvia |
$10.71 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $10.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Lebanon |
$6.739 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $5.998 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Lesotho |
$356.3 million (31 December 2016 est.) $340.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Liberia |
$436.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) $459 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Libya |
$62.57 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $52.53 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Lithuania |
$20.93 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $19.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Luxembourg |
$229.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $218.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) note: see entry for the EU for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders |
Macau |
$7.783 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $7.561 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Macedonia |
$1.909 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.797 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Madagascar |
$849.1 million (31 December 2016 est.) $1.375 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Malawi |
$536.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) $478.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Malaysia |
$84.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $83.98 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Maldives |
$338.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) $623 million (31 December 2013 est.) |
Mali |
$2.687 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $2.573 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Malta |
$14.56 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $13.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) note: see entry for the EU for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders |
Mauritius |
$2.833 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $2.547 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Mexico |
$186.8 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $194.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Micronesia, Federated States of |
$196 million (31 December 2013 est.) |
Moldova |
$1.406 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.199 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Mongolia |
$839.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) $844.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Montenegro |
$749 million (31 December 2011 est.) $783.3 million (31 December 2010 est.) |
Montserrat |
$23.04 million (31 December 2016 est.) $17.64 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Morocco |
$74.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $71.58 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Mozambique |
$3.411 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $4.758 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Namibia |
$2.898 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $2.582 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Nepal |
$4.871 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $4.762 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Netherlands |
$411.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $405.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders |
New Zealand |
$42.01 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $37.67 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Nicaragua |
$1.043 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.093 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Nigeria |
$37.45 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $43.62 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Niger |
$1.535 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.508 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Norway |
$214 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $199.6 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Oman |
$12.95 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $13.96 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Pakistan |
$103.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $88.81 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Panama |
$8.249 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $8.215 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Papua New Guinea |
$5.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $4.936 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Paraguay |
$4.293 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $3.974 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Peru |
$31.08 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $29.59 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Philippines |
$61.62 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $56.56 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Poland |
$195.1 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $177.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Portugal |
$81.15 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $72.29 billion (31 December 2015 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders |
Qatar |
$35.26 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $34.87 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Romania |
$41.82 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $36.06 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Russia |
$195.9 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $151.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Rwanda |
$940.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) $1.013 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
$210.1 million (31 December 2016 est.) $231.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Saint Lucia |
$318.4 million (31 December 2016 est.) $284.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
$177.7 million (31 December 2016 est.) $162.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Samoa |
$131.7 million (31 December 2016 est.) $116.5 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
San Marino |
$1.326 billion (31 December 2007) |
Sao Tome and Principe |
$65.47 million (31 December 2016 est.) $63.82 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Saudi Arabia |
$305.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $305.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Senegal |
$4.736 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $4.264 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Serbia |
$5.189 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $4.535 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Seychelles |
$556.5 million (31 December 2016 est.) $493.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Sierra Leone |
$381.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) $457.4 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Singapore |
$119.4 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $113.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Slovakia |
$45.63 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $43 billion (31 December 2015 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders |
Slovenia |
$16.54 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $14.39 billion (31 December 2015 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders |
Solomon Islands |
$461 million (31 December 2016 est.) $405.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
South Africa |
$117.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $91.72 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
South Sudan |
$1.873 billion (31 December 2013) $2.032 billion (31 December 2012) |
Spain |
$841.6 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $745 billion (31 December 2015 est.) note: see entry for the European Union for money supply for the entire euro area; the European Central Bank (ECB) controls monetary policy for the 18 members of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU); individual members of the EMU do not control the quantity of money circulating within their own borders |
Sri Lanka |
$5.184 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $4.963 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Sudan |
$12.51 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $9.514 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Suriname |
$921.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) $1.231 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Swaziland |
$316.6 million (31 December 2016 est.) $304.6 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Sweden |
$273.5 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $271.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Switzerland |
$555.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $508.2 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Syria |
$4.488 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $5.254 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Taiwan |
$501.2 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $462.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Tajikistan |
$1.108 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $773 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Tanzania |
$4.601 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $4.457 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Thailand |
$52.03 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $49.27 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Timor-Leste |
$464.1 million (31 December 2016 est.) $397.7 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Togo |
$1.118 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.14 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Tonga |
$112.8 million (31 December 2016 est.) $101.8 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Trinidad and Tobago |
$6.72 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $6.862 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Tunisia |
$11.86 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $12.61 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Turkey |
$108.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $107.1 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Turkmenistan |
$1.326 billion (31 December 2015 est.) $1.255 billion (31 December 2014 est.) |
Uganda |
$2.167 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $2.029 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Ukraine |
$19.49 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $19.68 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
United Arab Emirates |
$129 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $124.4 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
United Kingdom |
$96.15 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $106.7 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
United States |
$3.25 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) $3.021 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Uruguay |
$4.582 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $4.162 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Uzbekistan |
$7.555 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $7.403 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Vanuatu |
$379.9 million (31 December 2016 est.) $320.9 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
Venezuela |
$163.3 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $273.3 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Vietnam |
$73.48 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $62.92 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
West Bank |
$317 million (31 December 2016 est.) $265.2 million (31 December 2015 est.) |
World |
$30.14 trillion (31 December 2016 est.) $27.84 trillion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Yemen |
$6.718 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $6.202 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Zambia |
$1.582 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $1.288 billion (31 December 2015 est.) |
Zimbabwe |
$2.274 billion (31 December 2016 est.) $2.192 billion (31 December 2015 est.) note: Zimbabwe's central bank no longer publishes data on monetary aggregates, except for bank deposits, which amounted to $2.1 billion in November 2010; the Zimbabwe dollar stopped circulating in early 2009; since then, the US dollar and South African rand have been the most frequently used currencies; there are no reliable estimates of the amount of foreign currency circulating in Zimbabwe |