Australia - Oceania :: Tonga
  • Introduction :: Tonga
  • Background:
    Tonga - unique among Pacific nations - never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific; in 2008, King George TUPOU V announced he was relinquishing most of his powers leading up to parliamentary elections in 2010. TUPOU died in 2012 and was succeeded by his brother 'Aho'eitu TUPOU VI. Tropical Cyclone Gita, the strongest-ever recorded storm to impact Tonga, hit the islands in February 2018 causing extensive damage.
  • Geography :: Tonga
  • Location:
    Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
    Geographic coordinates:
    20 00 S, 175 00 W
    Map references:
    Oceania
    Area:
    total: 747 sq km
    land: 717 sq km
    water: 30 sq km
    country comparison to the world: 190
    Area - comparative:
    four times the size of Washington, DC
    Area comparison map: Area comparison map
    Land boundaries:
    0 km
    Coastline:
    419 km
    Maritime claims:
    territorial sea: 12 nm
    exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
    continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
    Climate:
    tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
    Terrain:
    mostly flat islands with limestone bedrock formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic rock
    Elevation:
    lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
    highest point: Kao Volcano on Kao Island 1,046 m
    Natural resources:
    arable land, fish
    Land use:
    agricultural land: 43.1% (2011 est.)
    arable land: 22.2% (2011 est.) / permanent crops: 15.3% (2011 est.) / permanent pasture: 5.6% (2011 est.)
    forest: 12.5% (2011 est.)
    other: 44.4% (2011 est.)
    Irrigated land:
    0 sq km (2012)
    Population distribution:
    over two-thirds of the population lives on the island of Tongatapu; only 45 of the nation's 171 islands are occupied
    Natural hazards:

    cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou

    volcanism: moderate volcanic activity; Fonualei (180 m) has shown frequent activity in recent years, while Niuafo'ou (260 m), which last erupted in 1985, has forced evacuations; other historically active volcanoes include Late and Tofua

    Environment - current issues:
    deforestation from land being cleared for agriculture and settlement; soil exhaustion; water pollution due to salinization, sewage, and toxic chemicals from farming activities; coral reefs and marine populations threatened
    Environment - international agreements:
    party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
    signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
    Geography - note:
    the western islands (making up the Tongan Volcanic Arch) are all of volcanic origin; the eastern islands are nonvolcanic and are composed of coral limestone and sand
  • People and Society :: Tonga
  • Population:
    106,398 (July 2018 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 193
    Nationality:
    noun: Tongan(s)
    adjective: Tongan
    Ethnic groups:
    Tongan 97%, part-Tongan 0.8%, other 2.2%, unspecified (2016 est.)
    Languages:
    Tongan and English 76.8%, Tongan, English, and other language 10.6%, Tongan only (official) 8.7%, English only (official) 0.7%, other 1.7%, none 2.2% (2016 est.)

    note: data represent persons aged 5 and older who can read and write a simple sentence in Tongan, English, or another language

    Religions:
    Protestant 64.1% (includes Free Wesleyan Church 35%, Free Church of Tonga 11.9%, Church of Tonga 6.8%, Assembly of God 2.3%, Seventh Day Adventist 2.2%, Tokaikolo Christian Church 1.6%, other 4.3%), Mormon 18.6%, Roman Catholic 14.2%, other 2.4%, none 0.5%, unspecified 0.1% (2016 est.)
    Age structure:
    0-14 years: 33.26% (male 17,979 /female 17,404)
    15-24 years: 19.69% (male 10,725 /female 10,223)
    25-54 years: 34.69% (male 18,436 /female 18,469)
    55-64 years: 5.81% (male 3,098 /female 3,089)
    65 years and over: 6.56% (male 3,140 /female 3,835) (2018 est.)
    population pyramid: population pyramid
    Dependency ratios:
    total dependency ratio: 74.2 (2015 est.)
    youth dependency ratio: 63.9 (2015 est.)
    elderly dependency ratio: 10.2 (2015 est.)
    potential support ratio: 9.8 (2015 est.)
    Median age:
    total: 23.3 years (2018 est.)
    male: 22.9 years
    female: 23.8 years
    country comparison to the world: 174
    Population growth rate:
    -0.1% (2018 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 204
    Birth rate:
    21.8 births/1,000 population (2018 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 69
    Death rate:
    4.9 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 199
    Net migration rate:
    -17.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 223
    Population distribution:
    over two-thirds of the population lives on the island of Tongatapu; only 45 of the nation's 171 islands are occupied
    Urbanization:
    urban population: 23.1% of total population (2019)
    rate of urbanization: 0.71% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
    Major urban areas - population:
    23,000 NUKU'ALOFA (2018)
    Sex ratio:
    at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
    0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
    15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
    25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female
    55-64 years: 1 male(s)/female
    65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female
    total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2018 est.)
    Mother's mean age at first birth:
    24.9 years (2012 est.)

    note: median age at first birth among women 25-49

    Maternal mortality rate:
    52 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 94
    Infant mortality rate:
    total: 10.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2018 est.)
    male: 11.3 deaths/1,000 live births
    female: 10.5 deaths/1,000 live births
    country comparison to the world: 127
    Life expectancy at birth:
    total population: 76.6 years (2018 est.)
    male: 75 years
    female: 78.3 years
    country comparison to the world: 85
    Total fertility rate:
    3.03 children born/woman (2018 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 51
    Contraceptive prevalence rate:
    34.1% (2012)
    Drinking water source:
    improved: urban: 99.7% of population
    rural: 99.6% of population
    total: 99.6% of population
    unimproved: urban: 0.3% of population
    rural: 0.4% of population
    total: 0.4% of population (2015 est.)
    Current Health Expenditure:
    5.3% (2016)
    Physicians density:
    0.52 physicians/1,000 population (2013)
    Hospital bed density:
    2.6 beds/1,000 population (2010)
    Sanitation facility access:
    improved: urban: 97.6% of population (2015 est.)
    rural: 89% of population (2015 est.)
    total: 91% of population (2015 est.)
    unimproved: urban: 2.4% of population (2015 est.)
    rural: 11% of population (2015 est.)
    total: 9% of population (2015 est.)
    HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
    NA
    HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
    NA
    HIV/AIDS - deaths:
    NA
    Major infectious diseases:

    note: active local transmission of Zika virus by Aedes species mosquitoes has been identified in this country (as of August 2016); it poses an important risk (a large number of cases possible) among US citizens if bitten by an infective mosquito; other less common ways to get Zika are through sex, via blood transfusion, or during pregnancy, in which the pregnant woman passes Zika virus to her fetus

    Obesity - adult prevalence rate:
    48.2% (2016)
    country comparison to the world: 7
    Children under the age of 5 years underweight:
    1.9% (2012)
    country comparison to the world: 113
    Education expenditures:
    NA
    Literacy:
    definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English
    total population: 99.4%
    male: 99.3%
    female: 99.4% (2015)
  • Government :: Tonga
  • Country name:
    conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga
    conventional short form: Tonga
    local long form: Pule'anga Fakatu'i 'o Tonga
    local short form: Tonga
    former: Friendly Islands
    etymology: "tonga" means "south" in the Tongan language and refers to the country's geographic position in relation to central Polynesia
    Government type:
    constitutional monarchy
    Capital:
    name: Nuku'alofa
    geographic coordinates: 21 08 S, 175 12 W
    time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
    daylight saving time: +1hr, begins first Sunday in November; ends second Sunday in January
    etymology: composed of the words "nuku," meaning "residence or abode," and "alofa," meaning "love," to signify "abode of love"
    Administrative divisions:
    5 island divisions; 'Eua, Ha'apai, Ongo Niua, Tongatapu, Vava'u
    Independence:
    4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate status)
    National holiday:
    Official Birthday of King TUPOU VI, 4 July (1959); note - actual birthday of the monarch is 12 July 1959, 4 July (2015) is the day the king was crowned; Constitution Day (National Day), 4 November (1875)
    Constitution:
    history: adopted 4 November 1875
    amendments: proposed by the Legislative Assembly; passage requires approval by the Assembly in each of three readings, the unanimous approval of the Privy Council (a high-level advisory body to the monarch), the Cabinet, and assent to by the monarch; revised 1988; amended many times, last in 2016 (2018)
    International law organization participation:
    has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
    Citizenship:
    citizenship by birth: no
    citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Tonga; if a child is born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen of Tonga
    dual citizenship recognized: yes
    residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
    Suffrage:
    21 years of age; universal
    Executive branch:
    chief of state: King TUPOU VI (since 18 March 2012); Heir Apparent Crown Prince Siaosi Manumataogo 'Alaivahamama'o 'Ahoeitu Konstantin Tuku'aho, son of the king (born 17 September 1985); note - on 18 March 2012, King George TUPOU V died and his brother, Crown Prince TUPOUTO'A Lavaka, assumed the throne as TUPOU VI
    head of government: Prime Minister Pohiva TU'I'ONETOA (since 27 September 2019)
    cabinet: Cabinet nominated by the prime minister and appointed by the monarch
    elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister indirectly elected by the Legislative Assembly and appointed by the monarch; election last held on 27 September 2019 (next to be held in November 2020)
    election results: Pohiva TU'I'ONETOA (Peoples Party) elected prime minister by parliament receiving 15of 23 votes cast

    note: a Privy Council advises the monarch

    Legislative branch:
    description: unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (up to 30 seats; - 26 for the 2017-19 term); 17 people's representatives directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, and 9 indirectly elected by hereditary leaders; members serve 3-year terms)
    elections: last held on 16 November 2017 (next to be held in 2020)
    election results: percent of vote - NA; seats by party - Democratic Party 14, nobles' representatives 9,  independent 3; composition - men 24, women 2, percent of women 7.7%
    Judicial branch:
    highest courts: Court of Appeal (consists of the court president and a number of judges determined by the monarch); note - appeals beyond the Court of Appeal are brought before the King in Privy Council, the monarch's advisory organ that has both judicial and legislative powers
    judge selection and term of office: judge appointments and tenures made by the King in Privy Council and subject to consent of the Legislative Assembly
    subordinate courts: Supreme Court; Magistrates' Courts; Land Courts
    Political parties and leaders:
    Democratic Party of the Friendly Islands [Samuela 'Akilisi POHIVA]
    People's Democratic Party or PDP [Tesina FUKO]
    Sustainable Nation-Building Party [Sione FONUA]
    Tonga Democratic Labor Party
    Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement or THRDM
    International organization participation:
    ACP, ADB, AOSIS, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
    Diplomatic representation in the US:
    Ambassador Mahe'uli'uli Sandhurst TUPOUNIUA (since 17 September 2013)
    chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022
    telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025
    FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024
    consulate(s) general: San Francisco
    Diplomatic representation from the US:
    the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga
    Flag description:
    red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner; the cross reflects the deep-rooted Christianity in Tonga, red represents the blood of Christ and his sacrifice, and white signifies purity
    National symbol(s):
    red cross on white field, arms equal length; national colors: red, white
    National anthem:
    name: "Ko e fasi `o e tu"i `o e `Otu Tonga" (Song of the King of the Tonga Islands)
    lyrics/music: Uelingatoni Ngu TUPOUMALOHI/Karl Gustavus SCHMITT

    note: in use since 1875; more commonly known as "Fasi Fakafonua" (National Song)

  • Economy :: Tonga
  • Economy - overview:

    Tonga has a small, open island economy and is the last constitutional monarchy among the Pacific Island countries. It has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, vanilla beans, and yams are the main crops. Agricultural exports, including fish, make up two-thirds of total exports. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. Tonga had 53,800 visitors in 2015. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand.

    The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from overseas Tongans to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, encouraging investment, and is committing increased funds for health care and education. Tonga's English-speaking and educated workforce offers a viable labor market, and the tropical climate provides fertile soil. Renewable energy and deep-sea mining also offer opportunities for investment.

    Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well developed social services. But the government faces high unemployment among the young, moderate inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures.

    GDP (purchasing power parity):
    $591 million (2017 est.)
    $576.6 million (2016 est.)
    $553.6 million (2015 est.)

    note: data are in 2017 dollars

    country comparison to the world: 211
    GDP (official exchange rate):
    $455 million (2017 est.)
    GDP - real growth rate:
    2.5% (2017 est.)
    4.2% (2016 est.)
    3.5% (2015 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 134
    GDP - per capita (PPP):
    $5,900 (2017 est.)
    $5,700 (2016 est.)
    $5,400 (2015 est.)

    note: data are in 2017 dollars

    country comparison to the world: 167
    GDP - composition, by end use:
    household consumption: 99.4% (2017 est.)
    government consumption: 21.9% (2017 est.)
    investment in fixed capital: 24.1% (2017 est.)
    investment in inventories: 0% (2017 est.)
    exports of goods and services: 22.8% (2017 est.)
    imports of goods and services: -68.5% (2017 est.)
    GDP - composition, by sector of origin:
    agriculture: 19.9% (2017 est.)
    industry: 20.3% (2017 est.)
    services: 59.8% (2017 est.)
    Agriculture - products:
    squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, sweet potatoes, cassava, taro, and kava
    Industries:
    tourism, construction, fishing
    Industrial production growth rate:
    5% (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 59
    Labor force:
    33,800 (2011 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 201
    Labor force - by occupation:
    agriculture: 2,006% (2006 est.)
    industry: 27.5% (2006 est.)
    services: 2,006% (2006 est.)
    Unemployment rate:
    1.1% (2011 est.)
    1.1% (2006)
    country comparison to the world: 12
    Population below poverty line:
    22.5% (2010 est.)
    Household income or consumption by percentage share:
    lowest 10%: NA
    highest 10%: NA
    Budget:
    revenues: 181.2 million (2017 est.)
    expenditures: 181.2 million (2017 est.)
    Taxes and other revenues:
    39.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 42
    Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):
    0% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 47
    Public debt:
    48% of GDP (FY2017 est.)
    51.8% of GDP (FY2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 109
    Fiscal year:
    1 July - 30 June
    Inflation rate (consumer prices):
    7.4% (2017 est.)
    2.6% (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 195
    Commercial bank prime lending rate:
    8% (31 December 2017 est.)
    7.9% (31 December 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 110
    Stock of narrow money:
    $130.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)
    $112.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 187
    Stock of broad money:
    $130.8 million (31 December 2017 est.)
    $112.7 million (31 December 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 192
    Stock of domestic credit:
    $139.2 million (31 December 2017 est.)
    $135.2 million (31 December 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 187
    Market value of publicly traded shares:

    NA

    Current account balance:
    -$53 million (2017 est.)
    -$30 million (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 80
    Exports:
    $18.4 million (2017 est.)
    $19.4 million (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 213
    Exports - partners:
    Hong Kong 25.1%, NZ 22.6%, US 14.3%, Japan 12.8%, Australia 10.5% (2017)
    Exports - commodities:
    squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops, kava
    Imports:
    $250.2 million (2017 est.)
    $269.8 million (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 208
    Imports - commodities:
    foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals
    Imports - partners:
    NZ 33.3%, Fiji 11.7%, US 9.8%, Singapore 9%, Australia 8.9%, China 7.9%, Japan 5.9% (2017)
    Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
    $198.5 million (31 December 2017 est.)
    $176.5 million (31 December 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 176
    Debt - external:
    $189.9 million (31 December 2017 est.)
    $198.2 million (31 December 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 190
    Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
    $127.2 million (31 December 2017 est.)
    $117.2 million (31 December 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 137
    Exchange rates:
    pa'anga (TOP) per US dollar -
    2.228 (2017 est.)
    2.216 (2016 est.)
    2.216 (2015 est.)
    2.106 (2014 est.)
    1.847 (2013 est.)
  • Energy :: Tonga
  • Electricity access:
    electrification - total population: 97% (2016)
    electrification - urban areas: 98.6% (2016)
    electrification - rural areas: 96.6% (2016)
    Electricity - production:
    52 million kWh (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 205
    Electricity - consumption:
    48.36 million kWh (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 205
    Electricity - exports:
    0 kWh (2016)
    country comparison to the world: 209
    Electricity - imports:
    0 kWh (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 210
    Electricity - installed generating capacity:
    20,300 kW (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 204
    Electricity - from fossil fuels:
    74% of total installed capacity (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 98
    Electricity - from nuclear fuels:
    0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 196
    Electricity - from hydroelectric plants:
    0% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 205
    Electricity - from other renewable sources:
    26% of total installed capacity (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 28
    Crude oil - production:
    0 bbl/day (2018 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 208
    Crude oil - exports:
    0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 207
    Crude oil - imports:
    0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 205
    Crude oil - proved reserves:
    0 bbl (1 January 2018 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 206
    Refined petroleum products - production:
    0 bbl/day (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 209
    Refined petroleum products - consumption:
    900 bbl/day (2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 207
    Refined petroleum products - exports:
    0 bbl/day (2015 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 210
    Refined petroleum products - imports:
    910 bbl/day (2015 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 203
    Natural gas - production:
    0 cu m (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 207
    Natural gas - consumption:
    0 cu m (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 207
    Natural gas - exports:
    0 cu m (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 201
    Natural gas - imports:
    0 cu m (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 201
    Natural gas - proved reserves:
    0 cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 201
    Carbon dioxide emissions from consumption of energy:
    139,700 Mt (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 205
  • Communications :: Tonga
  • Telephones - fixed lines:
    total subscriptions: 11,000
    subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 10 (July 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 192
    Telephones - mobile cellular:
    total subscriptions: 80,000
    subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 75 (July 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 194
    Telephone system:
    general assessment: high speed Internet provided by 3 MNOs, which has subsequently allowed for better health care services, faster connections for education and growing e-commerce services; fixed-line teledensity has dropped given mobile subscriptions; mobile technology dominates given the island geography; satellite technology is widespread and is important especially in areas away from the city (2018)
    domestic: fixed-line 14 per 100 and mobile-cellular teledensity 70 telephones per 100; fully automatic switched network (2018)
    international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); in 2013 undersea fibre-optic cable links Tonga to Fiji and  Sydney (2017)
    Broadcast media:
    1 state-owned TV station and 3 privately owned TV stations; satellite and cable TV services are available; 1 state-owned and 5 privately owned radio stations; Radio Australia broadcasts available via satellite (2019)
    Internet country code:
    .to
    Internet users:
    total: 42,552
    percent of population: 40% (July 2016 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 197
    Broadband - fixed subscriptions:
    total: 3,000
    subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2017 est.)
    country comparison to the world: 183
  • Military and Security :: Tonga
  • Military and security forces:
    His Majesty's Armed Forces (HMAF): Territorial Forces, Land Force (includes Tonga Royal Guards, Royal Tonga Marines, and a Combined Log and Tech Support Unit), Tonga Navy, Training Wing, Air Wing and Support Unit (2019)
    Military service age and obligation:
    Volunteers, 18-25; no conscription (2014)
  • Transportation :: Tonga
  • National air transport system:
    number of registered air carriers: 1 (2015)
    inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 1 (2015)
    annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 75,416 (2015)
    annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 0 mt-km (2015)
    Civil aircraft registration country code prefix:
    A3 (2016)
    Airports:
    6 (2013)
    country comparison to the world: 177
    Airports - with paved runways:
    total: 1 (2013)
    2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2013)
    Airports - with unpaved runways:
    total: 5 (2013)
    1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2013)
    914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2013)
    under 914 m: 1 (2013)
    Roadways:
    total: 680 km (2011)
    paved: 184 km (2011)
    unpaved: 496 km (2011)
    country comparison to the world: 183
    Merchant marine:
    total: 33
    by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 1, general cargo 15, oil tanker 1, other 15 (2018)
    country comparison to the world: 123
    Ports and terminals:
    major seaport(s): Nuku'alofa, Neiafu, Pangai
  • Transnational Issues :: Tonga
  • Disputes - international:

    maritime boundary dispute with Fiji