Introduction :: JORDAN
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Following World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the League of Nations awarded Britain the mandate to govern much of the Middle East. Britain demarcated a semi-autonomous region of Transjordan from Palestine in the early 1920s. The area gained its independence in 1946 and thereafter became The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. The country's long-time ruler, King HUSSEIN (1953-99), successfully navigated competing pressures from the major powers (US, USSR, and UK), various Arab states, Israel, and a large internal Palestinian population. Jordan lost the West Bank to Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. King HUSSEIN in 1988 permanently relinquished Jordanian claims to the West Bank; in 1994 he signed a peace treaty with Israel. King ABDALLAH II, King HUSSEIN's eldest son, assumed the throne following his father's death in 1999. He implemented modest political and economic reforms, but in the wake of the "Arab Revolution" across the Middle East, Jordanians continue to press for further political liberalization, government reforms, and economic improvements. In January 2014, Jordan assumed a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council for the 2014-15 term.
Geography :: JORDAN
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Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia, between Israel (to the west) and Iraq
31 00 N, 36 00 E
Middle East
total: 89,342 sq km
land: 88,802 sq km
water: 540 sq km
country comparison to the world: 112
about three-quarters the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Indiana
Area comparison map:
total: 1,744 km
border countries (5): Iraq 179 km, Israel 307 km, Saudi Arabia 731 km, Syria 379 km, West Bank 148 km
26 km
territorial sea: 3 nm
mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)
mostly desert plateau in east, highland area in west; Great Rift Valley separates eastern and western banks of the Jordan River
lowest point: Dead Sea -408 m
highest point: Jabal Umm ad Dami 1,854 m
phosphates, potash, shale oil
agricultural land: 11.4%
arable land 2%; permanent crops 1%; permanent pasture 8.4%
forest: 1.1%
other: 87.5% (2011 est.)
788.6 sq km (2004)
0.94 cu km (2011)
total: 0.94 cu km/yr (31%/4%/65%)
per capita: 166 cu m/yr (2005)
droughts; periodic earthquakes
limited natural freshwater resources; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
strategic location at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba and as the Arab country that shares the longest border with Israel and the occupied West Bank
People and Society :: JORDAN
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noun: Jordanian(s)
adjective: Jordanian
Arab 98%, Circassian 1%, Armenian 1%
Arabic (official), English (widely understood among upper and middle classes)
Muslim 97.2% (official; predominantly Sunni), Christian 2.2% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), Buddhist 0.4%, Hindu 0.1%, Jewish <.1, folk religion <.1, unaffiliated <.1, other <.1 (2010 est.)
8,117,564
note: increased estimate reflects revised assumptions about the net migration rate due to the increased flow of Syrian refugees (July 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
0-14 years: 35.42% (male 1,474,464/female 1,400,926)
15-24 years: 20.25% (male 840,714/female 803,237)
25-54 years: 36.12% (male 1,468,388/female 1,463,452)
55-64 years: 4.3% (male 169,857/female 179,275)
65 years and over: 3.91% (male 149,207/female 168,044) (2015 est.)
population pyramid:
total dependency ratio: 64.8%
youth dependency ratio: 58.5%
elderly dependency ratio: 6.2%
potential support ratio: 16% (2015 est.)
total: 22 years
male: 21.7 years
female: 22.4 years (2015 est.)
0.83% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 132
25.37 births/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
3.79 deaths/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 211
-13.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 217
urban population: 83.7% of total population (2015)
rate of urbanization: 3.79% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
AMMAN (capital) 1.155 million (2015)
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2015 est.)
total: 15.18 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 16.05 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 14.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
total population: 74.35 years
male: 73 years
female: 75.78 years (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122
3.17 children born/woman (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 50
61.2% (2012)
7.2% of GDP (2013)
country comparison to the world: 25
2.56 physicians/1,000 population (2010)
1.8 beds/1,000 population (2012)
improved:
urban: 97.8% of population
rural: 92.3% of population
total: 96.9% of population
unimproved:
urban: 2.2% of population
rural: 7.7% of population
total: 3.1% of population (2015 est.)
improved:
urban: 98.6% of population
rural: 98.9% of population
total: 98.6% of population
unimproved:
urban: 1.4% of population
rural: 1.1% of population
total: 1.4% of population (2015 est.)
NA
NA
NA
28.1% (2014)
country comparison to the world: 28
3% (2012)
country comparison to the world: 114
NA
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 95.4%
male: 97.7%
female: 92.9% (2015 est.)
total: 14 years
male: 13 years
female: 14 years (2012)
total: 29.3%
male: 25.2%
female: 48.8% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
Government :: JORDAN
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conventional long form: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
conventional short form: Jordan
local long form: Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah
local short form: Al Urdun
former: Transjordan
constitutional monarchy
name: Amman
geographic coordinates: 31 57 N, 35 56 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Friday in March; ends last Friday in October
12 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); 'Ajlun, Al 'Aqabah, Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, Al'Asimah, At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Jarash, Ma'an, Madaba
25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)
Independence Day, 25 May (1946)
previous 1928 (preindependence); latest initially adopted 28 November 1947, revised and ratified 1 January 1952; amended several times, last in 2014 (2014)
mixed legal system of civil law and Islamic religious law; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially provided High Tribunal
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
18 years of age; universal
chief of state: King ABDALLAH II (since 7 February 1999); Crown Prince HUSSEIN (born 28 June 1994), eldest son of King ABDALLAH II
head of government: Prime Minister Abdullah NSOUR (since 11 October 2012)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the monarch
elections/appointments: the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
description: bicameral National Assembly or Majlis al-'Umma consists of the Senate, or the House of Notables or Majlis al-Ayan (60 seats; members appointed by the monarch to serve 4-year terms) and the Chamber of Deputies or House of Representatives or Majlis al-Nuwaab (150 seats; 108 members directly elected in single- and multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote, 27 directly elected in a single national constituency by proportional representation vote, and 15 seats reserved for women; members serve 4-year terms); note - the electoral law enacted in July 2012 allocated an additional 10 seats - 6 for women, 2 for Amman, and 1 seat each for the cities of Zarqa and Irbid; unchanged are 9 seats reserved for Christian candidates, 9 for Bedouin candidates, and 3 for Jordanians of Chechen or Circassian descent
elections: Chamber of Deputies - last held on 23 January 2013 (next election 2017); note - the King dissolved the previous Chamber of Deputies in November 2012, midway through the parliamentary term
election results: Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - 27 elected on closed national list to include: Islamic Centrist Party 3, Nation 2, National Union 2, Stronger Jordan 2, Ahl al-Himma 1, Al-Bayyan 1, Citizenship 1, Construction 1, Cooperation 1, Dawn 1, Dignity 1, Free Voice 1, Labor and Trade 1, National Accord Youth Block 1, National Action 1, National Current 1 (member resigned in February 2013), National Unity 1, Nobel Jerusalem 1, Salvation 1, The People 1, Unified Front 1, Voice of Nation 1; other 123; note - the IAF boycotted the election
highest court(s): Court of Cassation or Supreme Court (consists of 7 judges including the chief justice; 7-judge panels for important cases and 5 judge panels for most appeals cases)
judge selection and term of office: chief justice appointed by the king; other judges nominated by the Higher Judicial Council and approved by the king; judge tenure NA
subordinate courts: courts of appeal; magistrate courts; courts of first instance; religious courts; State Security Court
Ahl al-Himma
Al-Bayyan
Al-Hayah Jordanian Party [Zahier AMR]
Arab Ba'ath Socialist Party [Akram al-HIMSI]
Ba'ath Arab Progressive Party [Fuad DABBOUR]
Citizenship
Construction
Cooperation
Dawn
Democratic People's Party [Ablah ABU ULBAH]
Democratic Popular Unity Party [Sa'id DIAB]
Dignity
Du'a Party [Muhammed ABU BAKR]
Free Voice
Islamic Action Front or IAF [Hamzah MANSOUR]
Islamic Centrist Party [Muhammad al-HAJ]
Jordanian Communist Party [Munir HAMARNAH]
Jordanian National Party [Muna ABU BAKR]
Jordanian United Front [Amjad al-MAJALI]
Labor and Trade
Nation
National Accord Youth Block
National Action
National Constitution Party [Ahmad al-SHUNAQ]
National Current Party [Abd al-Hadi al-MAJALI]
National Movement for Direct Democracy [Muhammad al-QAQ]
National Union
National Unity
Nobel Jerusalem
Risalah Party [Hazem QASHOU]
Salvation
Stronger Jordan
The Direct Democratic Nationalists Movement Party [Nash'at KHALIFAH]
The People
Unified Front
United Front
Voice of the Nation
15 April Movement [Mohammad SUNEID, chairman]
24 March Movement [Mu'az al-KHAWALIDAH, Abdel Rahman HASANEIN, spokespersons]
1952 Constitution Movement
Anti-Normalization Committee [Hamzah MANSOUR, chairman]
Economic and Social Association of Retired Servicemen and Veterans or ESARSV [Abdulsalam al-HASSANAT, chairman]
Group of 36
Higher Coordination Committee of Opposition Parties [Said DIAB]
Higher National Committee for Military Retirees or HNCMR [Ali al-HABASHNEH, chairman]
Hirak
Jordan Bar Association [Saleh al-ARMUTI, chairman]
Jordanian Campaign for Change or Jayin
Jordanian Muslim Brotherhood [Dr. Hamam SAID, controller general]
Jordanian Press Association [Sayf al-SHARIF, president]
National Front for Reform or NFR [Ahmad OBEIDAT, chairman]
Popular Gathering for Reform
Professional Associations Council [Abd al-Hadi al-FALAHAT, chairman]
Sons of Jordan
ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, CICA, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MINUSMA, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
chief of mission: Ambassador Alia Hatough BOURAN (since 14 September 2010)
chancery: 3504 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 966-2664
FAX: [1] (202) 966-3110
chief of mission: Ambassador Alice G. WELLS (since 31 August 2014)
embassy: Abdoun, Al-Umawyeen St., Amman
mailing address: P. O. Box 354, Amman 11118 Jordan; Unit 70200, Box 5, DPO AE 09892-0200
telephone: [962] (6) 590-6000
FAX: [962] (6) 592-0163
three equal horizontal bands of black (top), representing the Abbassid Caliphate, white, representing the Ummayyad Caliphate, and green, representing the Fatimid Caliphate; a red isosceles triangle on the hoist side, representing the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, and bearing a small white seven-pointed star symbolizing the seven verses of the opening Sura (Al-Fatiha) of the Holy Koran; the seven points on the star represent faith in One God, humanity, national spirit, humility, social justice, virtue, and aspirations; design is based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I
eagle; national colors: black, white, green, red
name: "As-salam al-malaki al-urdoni" (Long Live the King of Jordan)
lyrics/music: Abdul-Mone'm al-RIFAI'/Abdul-Qader al-TANEER
note: adopted 1946; the shortened version of the anthem is used most commonly, while the full version is reserved for special occasions
Economy :: JORDAN
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Jordan's economy is among the smallest in the Middle East, with insufficient supplies of water, oil, and other natural resources underlying the government's heavy reliance on foreign assistance. Other economic challenges for the government include chronic high rates of poverty, unemployment, inflation, and a large budget deficit and resulting government debt. King ABDALLAH, during the first decade of the 2000s, implemented significant economic reforms, such as opening up foreign trade and privatizing state-owned companies, that attracted foreign investment and contributed to average annual economic growth of 8% for 2004 through 2008. The global economic slowdown and regional turmoil since, however, reduced the average annual growth rate to 2.6% for the 2010-2013 period and hurt export-oriented sectors, construction, and tourism. Jordan's finances have been strained by a series of natural gas pipeline attacks in Egypt, causing Jordan to substitute more expensive diesel imports, primarily from Saudi Arabia, to generate electricity. To diversify its energy mix, Jordan is currently exploring nuclear power generation, exploitation of abundant oil shale reserves and renewable technologies, as well as the import of Israeli offshore gas. In August 2012, to correct budgetary and balance of payments imbalances, Jordan entered into a $2.1 billion, three year International Monetary Fund Stand-By Arrangement. In 2014, fiscal reform measures enacted in the previous few years continued to boost government revenues and reduced the budget deficit even as an influx of over 620,000 Syrian refugees since 2011 put additional pressure on expenditures.
$79.62 billion (2014 est.)
$77.22 billion (2013 est.)
$75.1 billion (2012 est.)
note: data are in 2014 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 89
$35.77 billion (2014 est.)
3.1% (2014 est.)
2.8% (2013 est.)
2.7% (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 112
$11,900 (2014 est.)
$11,600 (2013 est.)
$11,300 (2012 est.)
note: data are in 2014 US dollars
country comparison to the world: 120
14.3% of GDP (2014 est.)
10.5% of GDP (2013 est.)
6.5% of GDP (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
household consumption: 81.5%
government consumption: 23.6%
investment in fixed capital: 28.5%
investment in inventories: 1.8%
exports of goods and services: 41.6%
imports of goods and services: -77%
(2014 est.)
agriculture: 3.2%
industry: 29.3%
services: 67.4% (2014 est.)
citrus, tomatoes, cucumbers, olives, strawberries, stone fruits; sheep, poultry, dairy
tourism, information technology, clothing, fertilizers, potash, phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, inorganic chemicals, light manufacturing
2.4% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 117
1.959 million (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 123
agriculture: 2%
industry: 20%
services: 78% (2013 est.)
11.9% (2014 est.)
12.6% (2013 est.)
note: official rate; unofficial rate is approximately 30%
country comparison to the world: 129
14.2% (2002 est.)
lowest 10%: 3.4%
highest 10%: 28.7% (2010 est.)
39.7 (2007)
36.4 (1997)
country comparison to the world: 60
revenues: $9.845 billion
expenditures: $11.42 billion (2014 est.)
26.9% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107
-4.3% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 148
90% of GDP (2014 est.)
86.8% of GDP (2013 est.)
note: data cover central government debt, and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions
country comparison to the world: 22
calendar year
2.9% (2014 est.)
5.6% (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 125
0.3% (31 December 2010)
4.75% (31 December 2009)
country comparison to the world: 146
8.74% (31 December 2014 est.)
8.85% (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
$13.52 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$11.86 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
$42.26 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$38.58 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 73
$40.72 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$38.08 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
$27 billion (31 December 2012 est.)
$27.18 billion (31 December 2011)
$30.86 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 59
-$2.512 billion (2014 est.)
-$3.452 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158
$8.556 billion (2014 est.)
$7.921 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 100
clothing, fertilizers, potash, phosphates, vegetables, pharmaceuticals
US 15.8%, Iraq 15.3%, Saudi Arabia 12.4%, India 7.8% (2014)
$22.8 billion (2014 est.)
$22.1 billion (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 75
crude oil, refined petroleum products, machinery, transport equipment, iron, cereals
Saudi Arabia 19.6%, China 10.5%, US 5.8%, India 5.5%, UAE 4.8% (2014)
$16.51 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$13.82 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 68
$26.06 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$22.61 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 78
$28.65 billion (31 December 2014 est.)
$26.67 billion (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 67
$532.9 million (31 December 2014 est.)
$524.9 million (31 December 2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 84
Jordanian dinars (JOD) per US dollar -
0.709 (2014 est.)
0.709 (2013 est.)
0.709 (2012 est.)
0.709 (2011 est.)
0.71 (2010 est.)
Energy :: JORDAN
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17.26 billion kWh (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 77
14.56 billion kWh (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 79
59 million kWh (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 87
381 million kWh (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
3.193 million kW (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 89
99.6% of total installed capacity (2013)
country comparison to the world: 48
0% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116
0.3% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147
0.1% of total installed capacity (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 105
19 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 121
0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 135
59,440 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
1 million bbl (1 January 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
57,790 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
122,700 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
0 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 188
68,040 bbl/day (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 61
225 million cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
709 million cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
0 cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 122
484 million cu m (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 67
6.031 billion cu m (1 January 2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 87
16.86 million Mt (2012 est.)
country comparison to the world: 86
Communications :: JORDAN
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total subscriptions: 380,000
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 5 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107
total: 11.1 million
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 140 (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
general assessment: service has improved recently with increased use of digital switching equipment; microwave radio relay transmission and coaxial and fiber-optic cable are employed on trunk lines; growing mobile-cellular usage in both urban and rural areas is reducing use of fixed-line services
domestic: 1995 telecommunications law opened all non-fixed-line services to private competition; in 2005, monopoly over fixed-line services terminated and the entire telecommunications sector was opened to competition; currently multiple mobile-cellular providers with subscribership reaching 115 per 100 persons in 2011
international: country code - 962; landing point for the Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) FEA and FLAG Falcon submarine cable networks; satellite earth stations - 33 (3 Intelsat, 1 Arabsat, and 29 land and maritime Inmarsat terminals); fiber-optic cable to Saudi Arabia and microwave radio relay link with Egypt and Syria; participant in Medarabtel (2011)
radio and TV dominated by the government-owned Jordan Radio and Television Corporation (JRTV) that operates a main network, a sports network, a film network, and a satellite channel; first independent TV broadcaster aired in 2007; international satellite TV and Israeli and Syrian TV broadcasts are available; roughly 30 radio stations with JRTV operating the main government-owned station; transmissions of multiple international radio broadcasters are available (2007)
AM 1, FM 28 (2010)
4 (2009)
.jo
total: 3.6 million
percent of population: 45.0% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
Transportation :: JORDAN
-
18 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 140
total: 16
over 3,047 m: 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2013)
total: 2
under 914 m:
2 (2013)
1 (2012)
gas 473 km; oil 49 km (2013)
total: 507 km
narrow gauge: 507 km 1.050-m gauge (2008)
country comparison to the world: 112
total: 7,203 km
paved: 7,203 km (2011)
country comparison to the world: 144
total: 12
by type: cargo 4, passenger/cargo 6, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1
foreign-owned: 2 (UAE 2)
registered in other countries: 16 (Bahamas 2, Egypt 2, Indonesia 1, Panama 11) (2010)
country comparison to the world: 106
major seaport(s): Al 'Aqabah
Military :: JORDAN
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Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF): Royal Jordanian Land Force (RJLF), Royal Jordanian Navy, Royal Jordanian Air Force (Al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Malakiya al-Urduniya, RJAF), Special Operations Command (Socom); Public Security Directorate (normally falls under Ministry of Interior, but comes under JAF in wartime or crisis) (2013)
17 years of age for voluntary male military service; initial service term 2 years, with option to reenlist for 18 years; conscription at age 18 suspended in 1999; women not subject to conscription, but can volunteer to serve in noncombat military positions in the Royal Jordanian Arab Army Women's Corps and RJAF (2013)
males age 16-49: 1,674,260
females age 16-49: 1,611,315 (2010 est.)
males age 16-49: 1,439,192
females age 16-49: 1,384,500 (2010 est.)
male: 73,574
female: 69,420 (2010 est.)
4.65% of GDP (2012)
4.64% of GDP (2011)
4.65% of GDP (2010)
country comparison to the world: 7
Transnational Issues :: JORDAN
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2004 Agreement settles border dispute with Syria pending demarcation
refugees (country of origin): 2,097,338 (Palestinian refugees (UNRWA)) (2014); 628,887 (Syria); 50,638 (Iraq) (2015)
Central Intelligence Agency
