Introduction :: AZERBAIJAN
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Azerbaijan - a nation with a majority-Turkic and majority-Shia Muslim population - was briefly independent (from 1918 to 1920) following the collapse of the Russian Empire; it was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union for seven decades. Azerbaijan has yet to resolve its conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh, a primarily ethnic Armenian-populated region that Moscow recognized in 1923 as an autonomous republic within Soviet Azerbaijan after Armenia and Azerbaijan disputed the territory's status. Armenia and Azerbaijan reignited their dispute over the area in 1988; the struggle escalated militarily after both countries attained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. By May 1994, when a cease-fire took hold, ethnic Armenian forces held not only Nagorno-Karabakh but also seven surrounding provinces in the territory of Azerbaijan. The OSCE Minsk Group, co-chaired by the US, France, and Russia, is the framework established to mediate a peaceful resolution of the conflict.
Corruption in the country is widespread, and the government, which eliminated presidential term limits in a 2009 referendum and approved extending presidential terms from 5 to 7 years in 2016, has been accused of authoritarianism. Although the poverty rate has been reduced and infrastructure investment has increased substantially in recent years due to revenue from oil and gas production, reforms have not adequately addressed weaknesses in most government institutions, particularly in the education and health sectors, as well as the court system.
Geography :: AZERBAIJAN
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Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range
40 30 N, 47 30 E
Asia
total: 86,600 sq km
land: 82,629 sq km
water: 3,971 sq km
note: includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the region's autonomy was abolished by Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet on 26 November 1991
country comparison to the world: 114
about three-quarters the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Maine
total: 2,468 km
border countries (5): Armenia 996 km, Georgia 428 km, Iran 689 km, Russia 338 km, Turkey 17 km
0 km (landlocked); note - Azerbaijan borders the Caspian Sea (713 km)
none (landlocked)
dry, semiarid steppe
large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland, much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) to the west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea
mean elevation: 384 m
elevation extremes: lowest point: Caspian Sea -28 m
highest point: Bazarduzu Dagi 4,466 m
petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, nonferrous metals, bauxite
agricultural land: 57.6%
arable land 22.8%; permanent crops 2.7%; permanent pasture 32.1%
forest: 11.3%
other: 31.1% (2011 est.)
14,277 sq km (2012)
highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the county, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly light and evenly distributed population
droughts
local scientists consider the Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) (including Baku and Sumqayit) and the Caspian Sea to be the ecologically most devastated area in the world because of severe air, soil, and water pollution; soil pollution results from oil spills, from the use of DDT pesticide, and from toxic defoliants used in the production of cotton
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
both the main area of the country and the Naxcivan exclave are landlocked
People and Society :: AZERBAIJAN
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9,961,396 (July 2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 90
noun: Azerbaijani(s)
adjective: Azerbaijani
Azerbaijani 91.6%, Lezghin 2%, Russian 1.3%, Armenian 1.3%, Talysh 1.3%, other 2.4%
note: the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region is populated almost entirely by ethnic Armenians (2009 est.)
Azerbaijani (Azeri) (official) 92.5%, Russian 1.4%, Armenian 1.4%, other 4.7% (2009 est.)
Muslim 96.9% (predominantly Shia), Christian 3%, other <0.1, unaffiliated <0.1 (2010 est.)
note: religious affiliation is still nominal in Azerbaijan; percentages for actual practicing adherents are much lower
0-14 years: 22.95% (male 1,220,356/female 1,065,514)
15-24 years: 14.84% (male 775,422/female 703,027)
25-54 years: 45.39% (male 2,219,613/female 2,302,356)
55-64 years: 10.17% (male 467,830/female 545,505)
65 years and over: 6.64% (male 253,679/female 408,094) (2017 est.)
population pyramid:
Middle East
::AZERBAIJAN
Population Pyramid
A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility, mortality, and international migration trends.
For additional information, please see the entry for Population pyramid on the Definitions and Notes page under the References tab.
total dependency ratio: 40.2
youth dependency ratio: 32.1
elderly dependency ratio: 8
potential support ratio: 12.4 (2015 est.)
total: 31.3 years
male: 29.8 years
female: 33 years (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107
0.87% (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 125
15.8 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 116
7.1 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 128
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
highest population density is found in the far eastern area of the county, in and around Baku; apart from smaller urbanized areas, the rest of the country has a fairly light and evenly distributed population
urban population: 55.2% of total population (2017)
rate of urbanization: 1.38% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)
BAKU (capital) 2.374 million (2015)
at birth: 1.11 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.15 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.86 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
23.2 years (2014 est.)
25 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 120
total: 23.8 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 24.7 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 22.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 70
total population: 72.8 years
male: 69.7 years
female: 76.1 years (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 144
1.89 children born/woman (2017 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
6% of GDP (2014)
country comparison to the world: 104
3.4 physicians/1,000 population (2014)
4.7 beds/1,000 population (2012)
improved:
urban: 94.7% of population
rural: 77.8% of population
total: 87% of population
unimproved:
urban: 5.3% of population
rural: 22.2% of population
total: 13% of population (2015 est.)
improved:
urban: 91.6% of population
rural: 86.6% of population
total: 89.3% of population
unimproved:
urban: 8.4% of population
rural: 13.4% of population
total: 10.7% of population (2015 est.)
0.1% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 101
9,200 (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 96
<500 (2016 est.)
19.9% (2016)
country comparison to the world: 106
4.9% (2013)
country comparison to the world: 75
2.6% of GDP (2014)
country comparison to the world: 158
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 99.8%
male: 99.9%
female: 99.7% (2016 est.)
total: 13 years
male: 13 years
female: 13 years (2014)
total: 13.4%
male: 11.4%
female: 15.8% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
Government :: AZERBAIJAN
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conventional long form: Republic of Azerbaijan
conventional short form: Azerbaijan
local long form: Azarbaycan Respublikasi
local short form: Azarbaycan
former: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
etymology: the name translates as "Land of Fire" and refers to naturally occurring surface fires on ancient oil pools or from natural gas discharges
presidential republic
name: Baku (Baki, Baky)
geographic coordinates: 40 23 N, 49 52 E
time difference: UTC+4 (9 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
66 rayons (rayonlar; rayon - singular), 11 cities (saharlar; sahar - singular);
rayons: Abseron, Agcabadi, Agdam, Agdas, Agstafa, Agsu, Astara, Babak, Balakan, Barda, Beylaqan, Bilasuvar, Cabrayil, Calilabad, Culfa, Daskasan, Fuzuli, Gadabay, Goranboy, Goycay, Goygol, Haciqabul, Imisli, Ismayilli, Kalbacar, Kangarli, Kurdamir, Lacin, Lankaran, Lerik, Masalli, Neftcala, Oguz, Ordubad, Qabala, Qax, Qazax, Qobustan, Quba, Qubadli, Qusar, Saatli, Sabirabad, Sabran, Sadarak, Sahbuz, Saki, Salyan, Samaxi, Samkir, Samux, Sarur, Siyazan, Susa, Tartar, Tovuz, Ucar, Xacmaz, Xizi, Xocali, Xocavand, Yardimli, Yevlax, Zangilan, Zaqatala, Zardab
cities: Baku, Ganca, Lankaran, Mingacevir, Naftalan, Naxcivan (Nakhichevan), Saki, Sirvan, Sumqayit, Xankandi, Yevlax
30 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 18 October 1991 (adopted by the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan)
Republic Day (founding of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan), 28 May (1918)
history: several previous; latest adopted 12 November 1995
amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or by at least 63 members of the National Assembly; passage requires at least 95 votes of Assembly members in two separate readings of the draft amendment six months apart and requires presidential approval after each of the two Assembly votes, followed by presidential signature; constitutional articles on the authority, sovereignty, and unity of the people cannot be amended; amended 2002, 2009, 2016 (2017)
civil law system
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
citizenship by birth: yes
citizenship by descent: yes
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
18 years of age; universal
chief of state: President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31 October 2003); First Vice President Mehriban ALIYEVA (since 21 February 2017)
head of government: Prime Minister Artur RASIZADE (since 4 November 2003); First Deputy Prime Minister Yaqub EYYUBOV (since June 2006); note - RASIZADE was previously prime minister from 20 July 1996 to 4 August 2003
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly
elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for unlimited terms); election last held on 9 October 2013 (next to be held in October 2018); prime minister and first deputy prime minister appointed by the president and confirmed by the National Assembly; note - a constitutional amendment approved in a September 2016 referendum will expand presidential terms from 5 to 7 years when it formally takes effect; a separate constitutional amendment approved in the September 2016 referendum also introduced the post of first vice-president and additional vice-presidents, who are directly appointed by the
election results: Ilham ALIYEV reelected president in first round; percent of vote - Ilham ALIYEV (YAP) 84.5%, Jamil HASANLI (National Council of Democratic Forces) 5.5%, other 10%
note: OSCE observers concluded that the election did not meet international standards
description: unicameral National Assembly or Milli Mejlis (125 seats; members directly elected in single-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)
elections: last held on 1 November 2015 (next to be held in November 2020)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - YAP 69, CSP 2, Democratic Reforms 1, Social Democratic Party 1, Social Prosperity 1, Unity Party 1, Democratic Enlightenment 1, Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front 1, Motherland 1, Civil Unity 1, Great Undertaking Party 1, National Renaissance Party 1, independent 43, invalid 1
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chairman, vice chairman, and 23 judges in plenum sessions and organized into civil, economic affairs, criminal, and rights violations chambers); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Milli Majlis; judges appointed for 10 years; Constitutional Court chairman and deputy chairman appointed by the president; other court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Milli Majlis to serve single 15-year terms
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal (replaced the Economic Court in 2002); district and municipal courts;
Civil Solidarity Party or CSP [Sabir RUSTAMKHANLI]
Civil Unity Party or CUP [Sabir HAJIYEV]
Democratic Enlightenment [Elshan MUSAYEV]
Democratic Reforms Party [Asim MOLLAZADE]
Great Undertaking [Fazil MUSTAFA]
Musavat [Arif HAJILI]
Popular Front Party [Ali KARIMLI]
Motherland Party or AVP [Fazail AGAMALI]
Social Democratic Party [Ayaz MUTALIBOV]
Social Prosperity Party [Khanhusein KAZIMLI]
Unity Party [Tahir KARIMLI]
Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party [Gudrat HASANGULIYEV]
Yeni (New) Azerbaijan Party or YAP [President Ilham ALIYEV]
D18 [Ruslan IZZETLI]]
Ireli Public Union or Ireli PU [MirHasan SEYIDOV]
National Council of Democratic Forces [Jamil HASANLI]
N!DA Civic Movement [Turgut GAMBAR, Ulvi HASANLI] (youth movement)
Republican Alternative or REAL [Ilgar MAMMADOV (in prison since 2013)]
ADB, BSEC, CD, CE, CICA, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, GUAM, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SELEC (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
chief of mission: Ambassador Elin SULEYMANOV (since 5 December 2011)
chancery: 2741 34th Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 337-3500
FAX: [1] (202) 337-5911
consulate(s) general: Los Angeles
chief of mission: Ambassador Robert CEKUTA (since 19 February 2015)
embassy: 111 Azadlig Prospekti, Baku AZ1007
mailing address: American Embassy Baku, US Department of State, 7050 Baku Place, Washington, DC 20521-7050
telephone: [994] (12) 488-3300
FAX: [994] (12) 488-3330
three equal horizontal bands of sky blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in the red band; the blue band recalls Azerbaijan's Turkic heritage, red stands for modernization and progress, and green refers to Islam; the crescent moon and star are a Turkic insignia; the eight star points represent the eight Turkic peoples of the world
flames of fire; national colors: blue, red, green
name: "Azerbaijan Marsi" (March of Azerbaijan)
lyrics/music: Ahmed JAVAD/Uzeyir HAJIBEYOV
note: adopted 1992; although originally written in 1919 during a brief period of independence, "Azerbaijan Marsi" did not become the official anthem until after the dissolution of the Soviet Union
Economy :: AZERBAIJAN
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Prior to the decline in global oil prices since 2014, Azerbaijan's high economic growth was attributable to rising energy exports, and some non-export sectors also featured double-digit growth. Oil exports through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan Pipeline, the Baku-Novorossiysk, and the Baku-Supsa Pipelines remain the main economic driver, but efforts to boost Azerbaijan's gas production are underway. The expected completion of the geopolitically important Southern Gas Corridor between Azerbaijan and Europe will open up another source of revenue from gas exports. Declining oil prices caused a 3.8% contraction in GDP in 2016, reinforced by a sharp reduction in the construction sector. The economic decline has been accompanied by higher inflation and a weakened banking sector in the aftermath of the two sharp currency devaluations in 2015.
Azerbaijan has made limited progress with market-based economic reforms. Pervasive public and private sector corruption and structural economic inefficiencies remain a drag on long-term growth, particularly in non-energy sectors, but the government has made efforts to combat corruption, particularly in customs and with the “ASAN” one-stop window concept for government services. Several other obstacles impede Azerbaijan's economic progress, including the need for more foreign investment in the non-energy sector and the continuing conflict with Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh region. While trade with Russia and the other former Soviet republics remains important, Azerbaijan has expanded trade with Turkey and Europe and is seeking new markets for non-oil/gas exports, mainly from the agricultural sector, for example with Gulf Cooperation Council member countries, the US, and others.
Long-term prospects depend on world oil prices, Azerbaijan's ability to implement export routes for its growing gas production, and its ability to improve the business environment and diversify the economy. In late 2016, the President approved a strategic roadmap that identified key non-energy segments of the economy for development, such as agriculture, logistics, and tourism.
$165.7 billion (2016 est.)
$168.8 billion (2015 est.)
$165.9 billion (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
country comparison to the world: 73
$37.56 billion (2016 est.)
-3.1% (2016 est.)
0.6% (2015 est.)
2.7% (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 211
$17,500 (2016 est.)
$18,200 (2015 est.)
$18,200 (2014 est.)
note: data are in 2016 dollars
country comparison to the world: 96
18% of GDP (2016 est.)
22.2% of GDP (2015 est.)
37.1% of GDP (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 32
household consumption: 57.8%
government consumption: 13.1%
investment in fixed capital: 24.8%
investment in inventories: 1.4%
exports of goods and services: 46.5%
imports of goods and services: -43.7% (2016 est.)
agriculture: 6%
industry: 51.7%
services: 42.3% (2016 est.)
fruit, vegetables, grain, rice, grapes, tea, cotton, tobacco; cattle, pigs, sheep, goats
petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles
-4.2% (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 186
5.032 million (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 82
agriculture: 37%
industry: 14.3%
services: 48.9% (2014)
6% (2016 est.)
5.8% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
4.9% (2015 est.)
lowest 10%: 3.4%
highest 10%: 27.4% (2008)
33.7 (2008)
36.5 (2001)
country comparison to the world: 104
revenues: $10.97 billion
expenditures: $11.12 billion (2016 est.)
29.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 84
-0.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 53
39.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
28.3% of GDP (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 136
calendar year
12.4% (2016 est.)
4.1% (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 210
15% (10 March 2017)
15% (14 September 2016)
note: this is the Refinancing Rate, the key policy rate for the National Bank of Azerbaijan
country comparison to the world: 10
12.56% (31 December 2016 est.)
13.86% (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 64
$5.06 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$4.423 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 99
$6.521 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$5.523 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 118
$13.65 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$14.82 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 100
$NA
$-1.363 billion (2016 est.)
$-222.5 million (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
$13.21 billion (2016 est.)
$15.59 billion (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 76
oil and gas roughly 90%, machinery, foodstuffs, cotton
Italy 19.9%, Germany 10.5%, France 8%, Indonesia 5.8%, Czech Republic 5.2% (2016)
$9.004 billion (2016 est.)
$9.774 billion (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 98
machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, metals, chemicals
Russia 15.7%, Turkey 12.5%, US 9.6%, Germany 7.5%, Italy 6.7%, Japan 6.2%, China 5.4%, UK 5.4% (2016)
$7.142 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$7.91 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
$13.83 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$13.22 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
$73.83 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$66.5 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 51
$17.05 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
$14.48 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 55
Azerbaijani manats (AZN) per US dollar -
1.5957 (2016 est.)
1.5957 (2015 est.)
1.0246 (2014 est.)
0.7844 (2013 est.)
0.79 (2012 est.)
Energy :: AZERBAIJAN
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electrification - total population: 100% (2016)
23.3 billion kWh (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 73
20.27 billion kWh (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
265 million kWh (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
108 million kWh (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 97
7.417 million kW (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 72
84.5% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 77
0% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
14.6% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 102
1% of total installed capacity (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 138
833,500 bbl/day (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 23
721,600 bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 18
0 bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 91
7 billion bbl (1 January 2017 es)
country comparison to the world: 20
142,100 bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
101,000 bbl/day (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 81
46,770 bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 56
6,171 bbl/day (2014 est.)
country comparison to the world: 158
29.37 billion cu m (2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
18.2 billion cu m (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
7.32 billion cu m (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 27
200 million cu m (2015 est.)
country comparison to the world: 71
991.1 billion cu m (1 January 2017 es)
country comparison to the world: 27
35 million Mt (2013 est.)
country comparison to the world: 73
Communications :: AZERBAIJAN
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total subscriptions: 1,700,233
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 17 (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 63
total: 10,315,993
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 104 (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 83
general assessment: requires considerable expansion and modernization; fixed-line telephone and a broad range of other telecom services are controlled by a state-owned telecommunications monopoly and growth has been stagnant; more competition exists in the mobile-cellular market with three providers in 2017
domestic: teledensity of some 17 fixed lines per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity has increased to 104 telephones per 100 persons; satellite service connects Baku to a modern switch in its exclave of Naxcivan (Nakhchivan)
international: country code - 994; the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic link transits Azerbaijan providing international connectivity to neighboring countries; the old Soviet system of cable and microwave is still serviceable; satellite earth stations - 2 (2017)
3 state-run and 1 public TV channels; 4 domestic commercial TV stations and about 15 regional TV stations; cable TV services are available in Baku; 1 state-run and 1 public radio network operating; a small number of private commercial radio stations broadcasting; local FM relays of Baku commercial stations are available in many localities; local relays of several international broadcasters had been available until late 2008 when their broadcasts were banned from FM frequencies (2010)
.az
total: 7,720,502
percent of population: 78.2% (July 2016 est.)
country comparison to the world: 60
Transportation :: AZERBAIJAN
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number of registered air carriers: 2
inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 35
annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 1,803,112
annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 41,954,600 mt-km (2015)
4K (2016)
37 (2013)
country comparison to the world: 108
total: 30
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 13
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 3 (2017)
total: 7
under 914 m: 7 (2013)
1 (2012)
condensate 89 km; gas 3,890 km; oil 2,446 km (2013)
total: 2,944.3 km
broad gauge: 2,944.3 km 1.520-m gauge (approx. 1,767 km electrified) (2017)
country comparison to the world: 71
total: 52,942 km
paved: 26,789 km
unpaved: 26,153 km (2006)
country comparison to the world: 76
total: 104
by type: tankers 34, universal dry-cargo 20, ferries 13, roll on/roll off 2, auxillary ships 35
foreign-owned: 1 (Turkey 1)
registered in other countries: 2 (Malta 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1) (2017)
country comparison to the world: 53
major seaport(s): Baku (Baki) located on the Caspian Sea
Military and Security :: AZERBAIJAN
-
3.64% of GDP (2016)
5.61% of GDP (2015)
4.56% of GDP (2014)
4.54% of GDP (2013)
4.66% of GDP (2012)
country comparison to the world: 6
Army, Navy, Air, and Air Defense Forces (2010)
18-35 years of age for compulsory military service; service obligation 18 months or 12 months for university graduates; 17 years of age for voluntary service; 17 year olds are considered to be on active service at cadet military schools (2012)
Transnational Issues :: AZERBAIJAN
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Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia ratified the Caspian seabed delimitation treaties based on equidistance, while Iran continues to insist on a one-fifth slice of the sea; the dispute over the break-away Nagorno-Karabakh region and the Armenian military occupation of surrounding lands in Azerbaijan remains the primary focus of regional instability; residents have evacuated the former Soviet-era small ethnic enclaves in Armenia and Azerbaijan; local border forces struggle to control the illegal transit of goods and people across the porous, undemarcated Armenian, Azerbaijani, and Georgian borders; bilateral talks continue with Turkmenistan on dividing the seabed and contested oilfields in the middle of the Caspian
IDPs: 582,000 (conflict with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh; IDPs are mainly ethnic Azerbaijanis but also include ethnic Kurds, Russians, and Turks predominantly from occupied territories around Nagorno-Karabakh; includes IDPs' descendants, returned IDPs, and people living in insecure areas and excludes people displaced by natural disasters; around half the IDPs live in the capital Baku) (2016)
stateless persons: 3,585 (2016)
limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; small government eradication program; transit point for Southwest Asian opiates bound for Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe
